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(solamente en inglés)
The International Economic Law and Policy Blog hosted a week-long
discussion on various legal issues related to trade in natural resources
(10-17 March 2010). The text below highlights some of the comments
posted.
The discussion started with a brief summary of the WTO
working paper
written by Professors Paul Collier and Anthony Venables. The paper
covers a number of natural resources–related issues that the trade
lawyer might be tempted to consider as outside the scope of
international trade law, such as investment and investment dispute
settlement, competition law, taxes and the like. The key questions
addressed in the course of the discussion were whether there is a need
for any of the above disciplines to be brought within the WTO, and
whether there are other international law rules that take care of such
issues adequately?
One comment stated the following: 1) In relation to investment, there
has been already an effort to bring investment law issues into the WTO
in the 1990s, which was unsuccessful; 2) Regarding competition issues,
the MFN obligation in the GATT Article I partly addresses them (further
it was submitted that this obligation does not extend to activities of
private entities); and 3) Referring to the issue of taxes and subsidies
and, in particular, the authors view that “it is potentially possible to
reach a mutually beneficial deal […] in which world prices were
gradually harmonized […]”, it was noted that such a deal could have
competition-related implications as a price-fixing regime. Following up
on the second point, it was discussed whether activities of state
trading enterprises involving the sales of natural resources would be
captured by the GATT Article XVII (i.e., State Trading Enterprises)?
Another question addressed during the discussion was whether there is a
room in the WTO legal system for an international law obligation to
allow investment, including foreign investment, in any of the sectors
involving natural resources, and limiting the power of the Member States
only to the administrative functions, such as licensing, which would be
based on certain standards (e.g. non-discrimination, fair and equitable
treatment, etc).
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