SEE
ALSO:
WTO website:
> More
information about TRIPS
> TRIPS
issues:
Pharmaceuticals
and patents
> WHO
website
> Press
release
11 April 2001
> Press
note
18 March 2001
> Background
papers
(look for “More equitable pricing for essential
drugs: What do we mean and what are the issues?” and
“Workshop on differential pricing and financing of
essential drugs”)
> Norwegian
Foreign Ministry
> Press
release
6 April 2001
> Global
Health Council website
> Press
releases, background papers, etc
> Press
release
11 April 2001
|
News
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- The
presentations, published 13 June 2001
- Final
report of proceedings
of workshop, issued 30 May 2001
- Dr
Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General, WHO
— opening
remarks
- Adrian
Otten, WTO Secretariat — introductory
remarks
- Adrian
Otten, WTO Secretariat — closing
remarks
- Dr
Gro Harlem Brundtland, Director-General, WHO
— closing
remarks
- Press
release: 11 April 2001, Experts:
affordable medicines for poor countries are
feasible
- 15
March 2001, Joint
WTO-WHO-Norwegian Foreign Ministry-Global Health
Council press release
- Fact
sheet on TRIPS and pharmaceuticals
Final
reports back
to top
Final
report of proceedings, prepared by the WHO and
WTO Secretariats.
> Full report
(31 pages): download in Word (1.14MB)
or pdf (1.07MB) formats
> Executive summary only (4 pages):
browse,
or download in Word
format (44KB), pdf
format (98KB)
The
presentations
Background
papers back
to top
Participants
back
to top
Programme
back
to top
Sunday,
8 April 2001, evening
Registration
18:00
– Reception and Buffet Dinner
- Hosted
by Anne Kristin Sydnes, Minister of International
Development, Norway
- Recital
Oystein Birkeland, cello and Vebjørn Anvik,
piano
Monday,
9 April 2001:
09:00-10:00
- Opening Session - Welcome and keynote remarks
- Sigrun
Møgedal, (State Secretary of International
Development, Norway)
- Gro
Harlem Brundtland, (Director General, WHO)
- Adrian
Otten, (Director, Intellectual Property Division
WTO Secretariat)
- Nils
Daulaire, (President, Global Health Council)
- Peter
Piot, (Executive Director, UNAIDS)
10:00-12:30
- coffee break
- Overview
of Agenda and Methods of Work
Session
I - Access to Essential Drugs in Poor Countries: Key
Issues
This
session will examine the range of obstacles to adequate
access to essential drugs in developing countries,
including issues of financing, pricing, supply, selection
and distribution. It will, amongst other things, seek to
examine the respective importance of the various factors,
including the significance of patent protection.
- Role
of government in health care: Patrick Kadama
(Uganda)
- Healthcare
and pharmaceutical systems in developing
countries: Richard Laing (Boston University)
- Tariffs
and non-tariff trade barriers and access to
essential drugs: Adrian Otten (WTO)
- A
research-based industry perspective: Harvey Bale
(IFPMA)
- Ensuring
access to essential drugs – framework for
action: Jonathan Quick (WHO)
12:30-14:00
– lunch
14:00-15:30
- Session II – The Role of Financing in Ensuring
Access to Essential Drugs
This
session will consider the financing needs for ensuring
adequate access to essential drugs in developing
countries, even in an environment of differential
pricing, and how such financing can be mobilized.
- Mobilization
of domestic resources in developing countries:
Suwit Wibulpolprasert (Thailand)
Paulo Teixeira (Ministry of Health, Brazil)
- External
assistance and pharmaceutical financing:
Lieve Fransen (European Commission)
Francoise Varet (Government of France)
- Health
financing and access to health care: Jeffrey
Sachs (Harvard University)
15:30-16:00
- coffee break
16:00-18:00
- Session III – Differential Pricing: Concepts and
Issues
This
session will seek to identify key issues that need to be
explored in regard to differential pricing of essential
drugs, whether patented or generic, and to examine what
economic analysis can tell us about whether, and under
what conditions, differential pricing can be a win-win
policy and to what extent there could be losers.
Economic
analysis
- Patricia
Danzon (University of Pennsylvania)
- F.M.
Scherer (Harvard University)
Conceptual
issues:
- Heinz
Redwood (Industry Consultant)
- Gunther
Faber (GlaxoSmithKline)
- Ellen
‘t Hoen (Médecins Sans Frontières)
Tuesday,
10 April 2001:
08:30-10:30
- Session IV – Current Experience with differential
pricing
The
purpose of this session is to examine to what extent
differential pricing occurs already and what can be
learnt from this experience, for example in regard to
techniques for ensuring market segmentation and managing
reactions in industrial countries.
- Experience
with vaccines: Jacques-François Martin (Global
Fund for Children's Vaccines)
- Experience
with contraceptives: Christian Saunders (UNFPA)
- Experience
with generic drugs: Cecile Miles (Ranbaxy)
- Experience
with HIV/AIDS-related drugs:
Dorothy Ochola (Uganda Improved Access to
HIV/AIDS Drugs)
John Wecker (Boehringer-Ingelheim)
- Experience
with access to essential medicines for tropical
diseases: Maria Neira (WHO)
- Experience
with drug donations:
Ivermectin: Jeffrey Sturchio (Merck & Co.,
Inc.)
Fluconazole: Chuck Hardwick (Pfizer, Inc.)
10:30-11:00
- coffee break
11:00-12:30
- Session V – Market Segmentation: techniques,
actors and incentives
This
session will seek to examine the different ways in which
the segmentation of markets necessary for differential
pricing can be made effective, taking into account the
need to ensure consistency with WTO and other
international trade rules. Also considered will be the
extent to which competition law puts constraints on the
use of market segmentation techniques.
Marketing
strategies by manufacturers and contractual approaches:
- Market
segmentation and price differentiation: A Novel
Approach: Albert Itschner (Novartis)
- Purchase
undertakings (including security and prevention
of diversion): Keith McCullough (Vuna Healthcare
Logistics)
- Ex
post reimbursement techniques: Clifford Wong
(Kaiser Permanente, retired; MedImpact)
Governmental
measures:
- Role
of regulatory authorities: Guy Woods (Lacuna
Research, Ltd.)
- Export
controls: John Bisonga (Customs and Excise
Department, Kenya)
12:30-14:00
- lunch
14:00-15:30
- Session V (continued)
The
use of intellectual property rights:
- Richard
Wilder (Powell, Goldstein, Frazer & Murphy)
- Carlos
Correa (University of Buenos Aires)
Competition
policy considerations:
- Harvey
Applebaum (Covington & Burling)
- Alberto
Heimler (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e
del Mercato, Italy)
15:30-16:00
- coffee break
16:00-17:30
- Session VI – Purchaser Perspectives and Incentives
for Differential Pricing
This
session will consider the perspectives of purchasers in
high and low income markets and consider their influence
on the price of essential drugs. It will ask whether
differential pricing for low income countries will put
downward pressure on prices in industrialized countries
even with market segmentation. It will consider existing
and potential fiscal and other incentives for companies
to implement differential pricing.
- ACAME
bulk purchasing of essential drugs: Pascal Hessou
(ACAME)
- International
procurement agency: Hanne Bak Pedersen (UNICEF)
- Incentives
for differential pricing (tax, legal, other
measures): Malaya Harper (Department for
International Development, UK)
- A
consumer perspective: K. Balasubramaniam
(Consumers International)
- Market
segmentation and international reference pricing:
Ed Schoonveld (Cambridge Pharma Consultancy)
Wednesday,
11 April 2001:
09:00-10:30
- Session VII – Perspectives on Financing and
Differential Pricing
This
session will provide an opportunity for a range of views
on the issues under discussion in the Workshop to be
provided from different perspectives, and for general
discussion of these matters. Among the questions to be
considered will be how to deal with problems of the
political acceptability in developed country markets of
lower prices in developing countries.
- A
pharmacoeconomic perspective: David Henry
(Newcastle University, Australia)
- Public/private
partnership: Seth Berkley (IAVI)
- A
developed country consumer perspective: Jamie
Love (Consumers Project for Technology)
- A
pharmacy professional perspective: Mabel Torongo
(International Pharmacy Federation)
- A
generic manufacturer’s perspective: Bill
Haddad (CIPLA)
10:30-11:00
– coffee break
11:00-12:00
– Session VIII – Perspectives on Financing and
Differential Pricing
- A
developed country government perspective: Paul
Vandoren (European Commission, DG Trade)
- An
African government perspective: Desmond Johns
(Government of South Africa)
- A
research-based industry perspective: Mark Speaker
(Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Co.)
12h:00-13:00
- Session IX – Round-up Discussion
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Background:Ensuring
access to essential drugs includes issues of selection,
affordability, financing, and health systems. Within this
context, the purpose of the workshop is to analyse
factors related to financing and differential pricing of
essential drugs. Financing considerations include the
requirements and mechanisms for securing adequate amounts
through international and domestic sources.
Differential pricing (sometimes referred to by WHO and
some others as “equity pricing”), for both
patented and generic esential drugs, will be analysed
from a number of different perspectives. By differential
pricing is meant the adaptation of prices charged, in
some measure, to the purchasing power of governments and
households in different countries. The aim is to examine
the legal, institutional and political conditions that
would be conducive to companies to engage in differential
pricing, acting independently of each other and not as
part of any concerted arrangement among themselves.
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