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K
Korea, Enabling Clause
notifications, special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79
Korea — Alcoholic Beverages (AB),
WT/DS75/AB/R, WT/DS84/ AB/R, DSR 1999:I
consultations (DSU 4), evidence obtained during,
admissibility in panel proceedings DSU 632 n. 1031
directly competitive or substitutable products
(GATT III:2)
criteria, potential to compete as determining
factor GATT 234
as dynamic relationship (including possibility of
latent demand) GATT 202, 291–5,
335
“like products” distinguished/as sub-category
GATT 234
“like products” as subset GATT 303
methodology of comparison, “grouping” approach
GATT 299, 301
object and purpose GATT
290, 292–3
ordinary meaning GATT 291–2
relevant factors
Index by Case 2281
cross-price elasticity GATT 287–8,
299
distribution channels GATT 299
end-uses GATT 299
market situation in other countries GATT 289
physical properties GATT 299
evidence, acceptability as, evidence obtained
during consultations DSU 632 n. 1031
harmless error principle DSU 311 n. 495
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions
object and purpose GATT 290
same or closely related phrases in different
agreements, GATT III/SCM 15 footnote 46 SCM 424
“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)
determination of “likeness”, as a relative
concept (“accordion”)/ case-by-case approach SCM 424
directly competitive or substitutable products
distinguished GATT 234
national treatment, general principle (GATT
III:1), “so as to afford protection” GATT 202
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT
III:2)
first and second sentences distinguished
GATT 234
“so as to afford protection”, intention of
legislators/regulators, relevance GATT 318
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered
agreements
“characteristics closely resembling” (SCM
footnote 46) SCM 424
“directly competitive or substitutable” (GATT
III:2) GATT 291–2
panel reports, rationale, need for (DSU 12.7),
sufficiency DSU 700
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and
legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), law vs fact, panel as trier of facts
DSU 603, 845
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of the facts” /alleged
disregard or distortion of the evidence
discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 603
egregious error, need for DSU 615
Korea — Alcoholic Beverages (Panel),
WT/DS75/R, WT/DS84/R, DSR 1999:I
composition of delegation
legal representation/private counsel DSU 726
Member’s right to determine DSU 1488
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU
18.2/WP 3), obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 1488
confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU
18.2/WP 3/ABWP 27), private counsel/advisers not part of delegation and
DSU 915 n. 1444
consultations (DSU 4)
adequacy of consultations (DSU 4.5), Panel
responsibilities in relation to DSU 161,
163
confidentiality (DSU 4.6)
disclosure of information obtained in different
proceedings DSU 164–5
disclosure of information obtained in same
proceedings DSU 164
third party participation and DSU 169 n. 206
directly competitive or substitutable products
(GATT III:2)
competition and trade law distinguished GATT 206
“directly” GATT 297
methodology of comparison, “grouping” approach
GATT 299, 301
relevant factors
cross-price elasticity GATT
288, 299
distribution channels GATT 299
end-uses GATT 299
physical properties GATT 299
due process (dispute settlement proceedings),
opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties,
timing of submission of evidence (DS 12) and DSU 623
evidence (panel) (DSU 12), time–limits for
submission, panel’s right to admit “late” /new evidence, time
limit for rebuttal DSU 623
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2)
identification of product, need for DSU 229
specificity, preliminary ruling on DSU 229
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions, other treaties, Treaty of Rome
(1958) GATT 206
national treatment, general principle (GATT
III:1), competition law compared GATT 206
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT
III:2)
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2,
first sentence), aims and effects test/policy purpose GATT 206
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2,
second sentence), burden of proof GATT 285
preliminary rulings on, specificity of request for
panel (DSU 6.2) DSU 229
preparatory work (VCLT 32), GATT III:2 GATT 297
private counsel, inclusion in delegation, Rules of
Conduct (RoC), non-applicability DSU 1488
third party rights (consultations (DSU 4.11)),
confidentiality (DSU 4.6) and DSU 169 n. 206
trade and competition policy, interaction between
(Doha 23–5), market definitions, distinguishability GATT 206
Korea — Alcoholic Beverages (Article
21.3), WT/DS75/16, WT/ DS84/14
“reasonable period” for implementation of
recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
entry into force of legislative instrument,
relevance DSU 1074
statutory enforcement periods DSU 1074
Korea — Certain Paper (Panel),
WT/DS312/R, DSR 2005:XXII
confidential information (AD 6.5)
access to parties’ own confidential information
AD 491
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a
confidential basis”, distinguishability AD 497
“good cause shown”, “by nature confidential”
/ “provided on a confidential basis” distinction, relevance AD 497
determination of dumping (AD 2)
calculation of SG&A costs (AD 2.2.2)
actual data “pertaining to”
low-volume sales data AD 58
non-verifiable data AD 59
fair comparison of export price and normal value
(AD 2.4), “due allowance”, “differences which affect price
comparability” AD 94
determination of injury (AD 3)
country by country analysis/cumulative assessment
of volume and prices (AD 3.3) AD 227–8
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4), all
relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine, factors not
listed in AD 3.4, right/obligation to consider AD 255–6
“positive evidence” / “objective examination”
requirement (AD 3.1), price analysis and AD 205
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6)
“facts available”, right of resort to (AD
6.8/Annex II)
failure to submit necessary information “in
timely fashion” (Annex II para. 3) and, as “reasonable period” /
“reasonable time” AD 571
reasons for disregarding information, need for AD
594
on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7), disclosure
obligations AD 527–8
resort to “facts available” (AD 6.8/Annex II)
“necessary information” AD 566
right to submit further information AD 597
secondary source information … with special
circumspection (Annex II para. 7) AD 585–6
timely disclosure to interested parties of
information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), Parties’ own
confidential information AD 491
ex parte communications with panel or AB (DSU
18.1), party’s attempt to place limitation on handling of confidential
communications DSU 908
good faith engagement in dispute settlement
procedures (DSU 3.10), presumption of DSU 103
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU
19.1)
panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 982
panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 950
interim review (DSU 15), new arguments DSU 802
non-market economies (NMEs), separate legal
entities, treatment of AD 627
relationships within and between agreements
AD 2.1/AD 2.3/AD 6.10 AD 627
AD 5.3/AD 6.8 and Annex II AD 608
sampling (AD 6.10), separate legal entities,
treatment of AD 627
Korea — Certain Paper (Article 21.5
— Indonesia) (Panel), WT/DS312/RW, DSR 2007:VIII
determination of injury (AD 3), evaluation of
injury factors (AD 3.4), opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2)
and AD 464
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6)
notification to all interested parties of
essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9)
before final determination AD 613
“essential facts” AD 614
opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2),
re-determination of injury factors (AD 3.4) and AD 464
resort to “facts available” (AD 6.8/Annex II),
secondary source information … with special circumspection (Annex II
para. 7) AD 588–90
timely disclosure to interested parties of
information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), request, need
for AD 488
(investigation of dumping) (AD 6), notification to
all interested parties of essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9),
“facts” vs “reasoning” AD 614
Korea — Commercial Vessels (Panel),
WT/DS273/R, adopted 11 April 2005, DSR 2005:VII
adverse inferences from party’s refusal to
provide information, panel’s right to draw (SCM Annex V) SCM 676
consultations (DSU 4)
conditional request DSU 146
identity of specific measures in the consultations
and the request for establishment of a panel, relevance DSU 417
preliminary ruling on DSU
417, 427
due process (dispute settlement proceedings),
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 318, 417
financial services (GATS), Annex, limitations as
aid to interpretation of SCM Agreement GATS 241
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions, same or closely related phrases
in different agreements, GATS Financial Services Annex/ SCM Agreement
GATS 241
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter
referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
identification of treaty provisions DSU 318
complementary or alternative claims and DSU 318
preliminary rulings on, identity of measures
specified in requests for consultations and establishment of panel DSU
417, 427
relationships within and between agreements, SCM
2.3/SCM 3 SCM 122
“serious prejudice”, procedures for developing
information concerning (SCM Annex 5)
adverse inferences from non-cooperation SCM 676
use of information in prohibited subsidy claims
SCM 674
“serious prejudice” (SCM 6)
adverse effects on trade interests
as “serious prejudice” SCM 277
as test SCM 274
displacement or impediment to imports (SCM 6.3(a))
SCM 267
elements listed in SCM 6.3, sufficiency to
establish SCM 273
genuine causal link requirement, burden of proof
SCM 283
“injury” distinguished SCM 274
“may arise” (SCM 6.3 chapeau) SCM 275
rebuttal of presumption (SCM 6.2) SCM 276
“significant price undercutting/suppression” (SCM
6.3(c)), “but for” test SCM 280
“serious prejudice” (SCM 6), “significant
price undercutting/ suppression” (SCM 6.3(c)), counterfactual analysis
SCM 295
“serious prejudice” (SCM 6)
“significant price undercutting/suppression” (SCM
6.3(c))
“in the same market” SCM 323–4
non-attribution of adverse effects caused by other
factors SCM 287
“significant” SCM 312
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU
1.2 and Appendix 2)
arrangements considered for classification as
SCM 4.2 DSU 17
SCM 4.4 DSU 17
SCM 7.2 DSU 17
SCM 7.4 DSU 17
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial
contribution)
cumulative nature of SCM 1.1(a)(1) requirements
SCM 21
“direct transfer of funds” (SCM 1.1(a)(1))
debt forgiveness/debt-for-equity swaps SCM 21
medium of exchange, relevance SCM 21
“government practice” (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(i)) SCM
19–20
participation in, responsibility from SCM 18
“public body”, criteria for classification as,
government control SCM 16
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of
benefit)
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge
(mandatory/ discretionary distinction)
burden of proof SCM 76–7
order of analysis SCM 72 n. 139
subsidy, specificity (SCM 2), subsidy “contingent
upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 2.3/SCM3.1) SCM 122
Korea — Dairy (AB), WT/DS98/AB/R, DSR
2000:I
burden of proof (general rules)
prima facie case requirement
evidence other than that submitted by parties,
panel’s right to consider DSU 549
explicit finding, relevance DSU 552
SG 4.2 DSU 549
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU
17), right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not
adduced by parties (jura novit curia) SCM
225, DSU 328
due process (dispute settlement proceedings),
prejudice to party, relevance DSU 94, 311
emergency action (GATT XIX)
“as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT
XIX:1(a))
critical date GATT 822
objective/subjective nature of legal standard GATT
816
omission from SG 2.1, relevance GATT 805
as extraordinary/emergency remedy GATT 796
harmless error principle DSU 311
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2) DSU
94
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat
quam pereat/effet utile) GATT 805
meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase
WTO 19, SG 1, DSU 1554–5
preamble of agreement under consideration SG 1
as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise WTO
19, SG
112 n. 183, DSU 1554
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter
referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)
arguments distinguished SCM
225, DSU 305, 328
clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 328
evidence to support claim distinguished DSU 328
identification of treaty provisions DSU
94, 307, 311,
312, 1146
summary “sufficient to present the problem
clearly” DSU 193, 302
notification and consultation (SG 12)
“all pertinent information” (SG 12.2) SG 280–2
injury factors (SG 4.2(a)) and SG 280–2,
290
objective test SG 280–1
object and purpose SG 281
right to request additional information, relevance
SG 282
timeliness (SG 12.1, 12.2 and 12.3) SG 283
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered
agreements GATT 805
“conforms with the provisions” (SG 11.1(a)) SG
4
procedure, international and domestic rules
distinguished DSU 599
relationships within and between agreements
GATT XIX:1/SG 2 and 4 GATT 805
GATT XIX/SG 1 SG 4
SG I and II.1(a)/WTO II GATT 838
SG 2 and 4/SG 12 SG 290
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2)
clear presentation of the problem/ability to
defend itself and DSU 94 n. 107
as two-stage test
safeguard measures, application (SG 5), “to the
extent necessary” (proportionality) (SG 5.1), “clear justification”
/ requirement to explain SG 224
safeguard measures, object and purpose (preamble),
multilateral control over safeguards SG 1
safeguard measures (SG)/emergency action (GATT XIX),
relationship between GATT 795, 838,
SG 1
safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX), relationship
between Safeguards Agreement and GATT XIX, rules for application of GATT
XIX (SG 1 and 11.1(a)) SG 4
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and
legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), completion of the legal analysis in
case of, contentiousness/omission/ insufficiency of facts DSU 864–5
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
“objective assessment of the facts” /alleged
disregard or distortion of the evidence
evidence other than that submitted by parties,
right to consider DSU 549, 599
obligation to examine and evaluate all the
evidence available to it DSU 599
WTO Agreement
cumulative nature of obligations SG 1
as single undertaking (WTO II:2) WTO 19
Korea — Dairy (Panel), WT/DS98/R and
Corr.1, DSR 2000:I
causation analysis (SG 4.2(b)) (determination of
serious injury or threat of)
“demonstrates” SG
173, 217
relevance in absence of serious injury SG 217
determination of serious injury or threat of,
evaluation of all relevant factors of objective and quantifiable nature
(SG 4.2(a))
all factors listed in SG 4.2(a) SG 143
“factors other than increased imports” (SG
4.2(b)) SG 173
segmented domestic industry and SG 166
dispute settlement (SG 14), standard of review (DSU
11), evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel, obligation to
examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it SG 306
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions, dictionaries SG 261 n. 423
investigation of conditions for safeguard
measures, requirements (SG 3.1/SG 4.2(c))
evaluation of all factors AD 914 n. 1246
obligation of competent authorities to seek
information additional to that supplied by interested parties AD 914 n.
1246
published report, absence of claim relating to,
effect on possibility of SG 4 claims SG 91
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter
referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), identification of treaty provisions, listing
of articles without explanation, sufficiency DSU
311, 312
notification and consultation (SG 12)
“adequate opportunity for prior consultations”
(SG 12.3) SG 285
successful outcome as evidence of SG 285
“all pertinent information” (SG 12.2) SG 280
content of SG 1(a) notification SG 278–9
formats, non-binding nature SG 279
“immediately”
SG 12.1 SG 261–2
SG 12.1(a) SG 265
SG 12.1(b) SG 268
SG 12.1(c) SG 271–2
translation delays SG 261
“initiation of investigation and reasons for it”
(SG 12.1(a)), limitation to SG 278–9
AD 5 and SCM 11 distinguished SG 279
SG 3.1 and 4.2 distinguished SG 279
Technical Cooperation Handbook on Notification
Requirements, relevance SG 257
notification obligations and procedures, Technical
Cooperation Handbook on Notification Requirements, relevance SG 257
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8), adverse
impact/prejudice, relevance DSU 94
relationships within and between agreements
GATT XIX/SPS WTO 19
SG 2/SG 4 SG 17–18
safeguard measures, application (SG 5), “to the
extent necessary” (proportionality) (SG 5.1), adjustment plans,
relevance SG 228
safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2)
determination of serious injury or threat (SG 4),
violation as violation of SG 2 SG 17–18,
18
“under such conditions” SG 51–2,
57
price analysis, relevance SG
57, 62 n. 104
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
relevant factors
evaluation of all relevant factors, need for AD
914 n. 1246
position of Member at time of determination AD 914
n. 1246
standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7), economic
interest, relevance DSU 85, 177
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), failure of
parties to produce evidence or arguments SG 18
translation, delays caused by (SG 12) SG 261
Korea — Procurement (Panel),
WT/DS163/R, DSR 2000:VIII
a, Schedules of Concessions (GPA), as integral
part of GPA (GPA XXIV:12) GPA 54
competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU
17), “clarification of existing provisions” DSU 57
customary international law rules of
interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2)
customary international law other than customary
rules of interpretation DSU 57–8,
GPA 32 n. 45
error (VCLT) DSU 1670
error as to fact or situation, effect on validity
of treaty (VCLT 48(1)) GPA 32, 34–6
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda
principle (VCLT 26)), treaty interpretation/performance GATT 989–91,
GPA 31–3, 32
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
definitions, “central government entities”
(GPA: Appendix 1) GPA 6–13
entities not included in Appendix 1 (GPA I:3) GPA
17
error as to fact or situation, effect on validity
of treaty (VCLT 48 (1)) GPA 32, 34–6
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda
principle (VCLT 26)) and GATT 989–91,
GPA 31–3
scope GPA 3
service contracts, expansion to cover (preamble)
GPA 1
withdrawal of entity following elimination of
government control/privatization GPA 47
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))
“benefit” /legitimate expectation of improved
market access as
customary international law and GATT
991, GPA 30
reasonable anticipation and GATT 984
resulting from negotiations GATT 989–91,
GPA 29–30
GPA claims distinguished GATT 989–91,
GPA 30
non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2) GPA 29–36
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered
agreements, “central government entity” (GPA Appendix 1) GPA 7
preparatory work (VCLT 32), improper use of DSU 58
Schedules of Concessions (GPA), interpretation and
clarification, VCLT as applicable law GPA 54
separability of provisions (VCLT 44) DSU 1669
State responsibility as rule/general principle of
international law (ILC Articles), responsibility for act or omission of,
government official DSU 1680
treaties
error (VCLT 48), as customary international law
DSU 1670
separability of treaty provisions (VCLT 44) DSU
1669
Korea — Various Measures on Beef
(AB), WT/DS161/AB/R, WT/DS169/AB/R, DSR 2001:I
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures
necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent
elements, balance between restrictive effect on international trade and
“necessity” GATT 22
Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) (AG
1(a)/Annex 3)
“constituent data and methodology” (AG
1(a)(ii)) AG 6–8,
200
beef, absence AG 7
external reference price, relevant period AG 8
“in accordance with” AG 7
“provisions of Annex 3”, priority AG
7, 8
“taking into account” AG 7
“market price support” (Annex 3, para. 8), “eligible”
AG 203
total AMS (AG 1(h)), calculation AG 6 n.
9, 20
agricultural concessions and commitments (AG 3),
domestic support (AG 3), limitation to commitment levels specified in
Member’s Schedule (AG 3(2)), “subject to provisions of Art. 6” AG
29
General Exceptions (GATT XX), alternative WTO-consistent
measure, availability, enforcement of WTO-consistent law and GATT 928
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)), measures
necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure, constituent
elements
intention to secure compliance with GATT GATT 912
“necessary” to secure compliance GATT
912, 913–16
balancing of factors GATT 914–16
“reasonably available” alternative WTO-consistent
measure GATT 914–16
“relating to” (GATT XX(g)) distinguished GATT
914 n. 1286
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions, “ordinary meaning …. in their
context …. in light of object and purpose” (VCLT 31(1)) GATT 914
“less favourable treatment”
equality of competitive conditions as test GATT
371
methodology of comparison, formal differences in
treatment, relevance GATT 376
market access (AG 4), determination of violation,
elements/test GATT 322
market access, measures required to be converted
into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)
elimination of QRs (GATT XI) and AG 48
STEs (GATT XVII) and GATT 753
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered
agreements
“eligible” (AG Annex 3, para. 8) AG 203
“in accordance with” (AG 1(a)(ii)) AG 6–7,
80
relationships within and between agreements
AG 1(a)(ii)and annex 3/AG 7.2 AG 80
AG 4.2/GATT XI GATT 753
GATT III:4/GATT XX GATT 912
State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII),
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs
duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1) GATT 753
Korea — Various Measures on Beef
(Panel), WT/DS161/R, WT/ DS169/R
Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) (AG
1(a)/Annex 3), “constituent data and methodology” (AG 1(a)(ii)),
external reference price, relevant period AG 8
Agriculture Agreement (AG), quantitative
restrictions (GATT XI) and GATT 644
government assistance to economic development
(GATT VII), QRs (GATT XI) and GATT 399
import licensing procedures, rules and procedures
distinguished LIC 5
judicial economy, prior decision on another point
rendering discussion otiose GATT 399,
405, 745,
749
licensing requirement, as quantitative restriction
(GATT XI:1) GATT 613
market access, measures required to be converted
into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1), “in accordance
with” AG 6
national treatment, general principle (GATT
III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of
importation (“internal measures”) (Ad Article), STEs (GATT
XVII) and GATT 211
national treatment, regulatory discrimination
(GATT III:4), “less favourable treatment”, equality of competitive
conditions as test GATT 371 n. 546
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
AG Agreement and GATT 644
“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1)
licensing requirements GATT 613
“restrictions made effective through
state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and
XVIII) GATT 622–4,
649
relationships within and between agreements
AG 3, 6 and 7 AG 29
AG 4.2/GATT XI GATT 644, AG 48
GATT II:1(a) and XI/GATT III:4 and XVII GATT
166,
745
GATT III/GATT XVII:1 GATT
223, 411, 745
GATT practice GATT 748
GATT III:4 and XVII/GATT II:1(a) and XI GATT
399,
749–50
GATT III:4 and XVII/GATT XI and II:1 GATT
166, 170
GATT III:4/GATT II:1(a) and GATT XI GATT 399
GATT XI and II:1/GATT III:4 and XVII GATT
166, 170, 405
GATT XVII:1(a)/GATT XVII:1(b) GATT 734
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
“subject to the terms, conditions or
qualifications in the schedule” (GATT II:1(b))
inclusion in schedule, need for GATT 142
terms, conditions or qualifications added to
import concessions, obligation to include in Schedule GATT 142
treatment no less favourable than that provided in
appropriate schedule (GATT II:1(a))
failure to include additional terms, conditions
and qualifications to Schedule and GATT 142
STEs (GATT XVII) and GATT 745
State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII) GATT
622–5, 649
GATT XVII:1(a) and 1(b), interrelationship GATT
734
measures affecting imported products (internal
measures) and measure affecting importation (border taxes), difficulty
of distinguishing/relevance GATT 211,
720
non-discriminatory treatment (GATT I general
principle) (GATT XVII:1(a)) and GATT
223, 725
quantitative restrictions (GATT XI:1) GATT 622–4,
649
treatment no less favourable than that provided in
appropriate schedule (GATT II:1(a)) and GATT 745
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