I

Iceland, Enabling Clause notifications, special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79

identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2) TRIMs 23, AD 898, DSU 94, 209–301

availability of public information regarding measure, relevance DSU 234

case-by-case approach DSU 209, 211, 220, 240

discretion in identifying, desirability DSU 200

establishment of existence of measures distinguished DSU 188

exclusion of measure included in request for establishment DSU 374

identification of each challenged measure DSU 189

identification of industry, need for DSU 233

identification of “measures” (DSU 4.4) distinguished DSU 157

identification of product, need for DSU 226–32

identification within narrative of request requirement DSU 222

“identify”, sufficiency of

“among others” DSU 224

expedited sunset review, treatment as subsidiary of closely related measure DSU 217

numbers of measures and places of promulgation DSU 216

reference to an EC Regulation or to the “EC regime” DSU 218, 237–8

reference to general measure DSU 211, 222, 223

reference to instruments implementing challenged measures DSU 214, 215

identity with specific measure the subject of consultations, relevance SCM 202–3, DSU 142–5, 206

“scope” of consultations and DSU 147

inclusion of measure, sufficiency for inclusion in terms of reference (DSU 7) DSU 374

inclusion of reference to WTO obligation DSU 185, 219

jurisdictional issues distinguished DSU 200

legal basis of claim distinguished DSU 220

omission of measure

exclusion from terms of reference (DSU 7) DSU 375

good faith assumption that it was not being challenged DSU 213, 222

ordinary meaning DSU 211, 237

recommendations of panel/DSB (DSU 19.2), effect AD 954–5, DSU 353, 394

“specific” DSU 235–40

“attendant circumstances”, relevance DSU 240

preliminary ruling on DSU 236–7, 239–40, 344, 345

provided information in conjunction with introductory paragraph DSU 239

security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2) and DSU 224

substance of WTO obligation being violated, relevance DSU 185, 219

IF Trust Fund: see Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed countries (IF)

ILC Articles, status as “rule” of international law, 17.1588, 17.1599–600: see also international law/ “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2))

Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)

export credit guarantee or insurance (item (j))

assessment of adequacy to cover SCM 623–6

as contextual guidance SCM 615–17

“export credit guarantee … programmes” SCM 618

“inadequate to cover” SCM 620

“long-term” SCM 620

“operating costs and losses” SCM 622

“premiums” SCM 619

export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) SCM 627–65

as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 636, 647, 653

“benefit” (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 94–5

burden of proof SCM 627, 653–5, 656, 661

Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 632–5

“export credit” SCM 628

“in the field of export credit terms” SCM 638

legislation as such SCM 662–4

“used to secure a material advantage” SCM 627, 630, 631

“material” SCM 631

offset of advantage, sufficiency to prohibit measure (items (e)-(i)) SCM 603

“provision … through government-mandated schemes … on terms more favourable …” (item (d)) SCM 602

relationship with SCM 3.1(a), determination by footnote 5 SCM 632

remission or deferral of direct taxes (item (e))

deferral not amounting to export subsidy (footnote 59) SCM 158

third and fourth sentences as remedies SCM 160

“safe haven” (international undertaking (item (k), second paragraph))

as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 656

Canadian Policy Guideline SCM 652

“export credit practice” SCM 644–7

“in conformity” SCM 650–2

“interest rates provisions” SCM 648–9

legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 662–4

matching derogation, permissibility SCM 657–61

OECD Arrangement SCM 639–41, 642–3

qualification for inclusion under, requirements SCM 637

“successor undertaking” SCM 640–1

social welfare charges (item (e)) footnote 59, relevance SCM 97–8, 158–60

Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2)

analysis of TRIMs status of measure (TRIMs 1) and TRIMs 4

local content requirements (Item 1) TRIMs 4

national treatment (GATT III:4) and: see national treatment regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) see also under TRIMs and Illustrative List

QRs (GATT XI:1) and GATT 409 n. 596, 425, 627–9, 646, TRIMs 15–16

tax and customs duty benefits (para. 1(a)) TRIMs 10–11

IMF/WTO relationship (WTO III:5)

see also World Bank/WTO relationship (WTO III:5)

Agreement (1996)

conclusion WTO 42–4, 162

as fulfilment of WTO mandate to cooperate as appropriate with IMF WTO 46

Members’ rights and obligations under IMF and WTO Agreements, effect on WTO 46

conflict or inconsistency between, resolution WTO 46

observer status WTO 45

annual reports WTO 51

consultations and exchange of information, WTO panels and WTO 47

Declaration on Coherence in Global Economic Policymaking (1994)

adoption WTO 42

informal meetings on coherence issues at request of delegations or Director-General WTO 49

joint report on Coherence WTO 48

legal effect WTO 46, 307

exceptions to non-discriminatory administration of QRs (GATT XIV) and GATT 692

panel’s right to seek information from (DSU 13.1) DSU 753

implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings, surveillance (DSU 21)

see also “reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations); review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)

ad hoc procedural agreements, appointment of panellist DSU 1171

Article 22.6 panel’s right of review DSU 1176

as precedent DSU 1016

choice of means at authorities’ discretion (DSU 21.3), 17.972, 17.983–4:

see also “reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations), arbitrator’s limited mandate

good faith obligation, whether DSU 105

prompt compliance (DSU 21.1)

adoption of report, obligation to begin implementation following DSU 1004–5

“compliance” DSU 997–1000

flexibility DSU 1001–3

judicial economy and DSU 653

modification of underlying economic or social conditions distinguished DSU 997–1000

“recommendations and rulings” DSU 1006, 1148

review: see review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)

surveillance mechanisms DSU 985

suspension of WTO-inconsistent measure during “reasonable period of time”, need for DSU 1095–6

tables, Article 21.3(b) agreements DSU 1017

implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)

see also implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings, surveillance (DSU 21); “reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)

“bring the measure into conformity with”, “measure” for purposes of DSU 966

choice of means at authorities’ discretion (DSU 21.3) DSU 1108–9

identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), (DSU 6.2) and AD 954–5, DSU 353, 394

measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 931–40

recommendation to implement measure inconsistent with agreement, exclusion DSU 930, 931–2

mechanisms, absence DSU 985

panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 967–82

panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 948–66, 986

legal effect DSU 986–7

subsequent proceedings/continuance of recommendations DSU 943–7, 1147

Import Licensing Committee

annual reports (LIC 7.4) LIC 35, 47

establishment WTO 93

procedural and institutional duplication, decision on avoidance of (2 May 1995) LIC 48

rules of procedure (1995) WTO 94, LIC 34–5

Understanding on Procedures for the Review of Notifications (1996) LIC 36

import licensing procedures

see also developing countries’ economic development purposes/ financial and trade needs (LIC 1.2); notification obligations (LIC 1.4 and 5)

conformity with GATT principles and obligations requirement (LIC Preamble and 1.2) LIC 1, 3

continuity of terminology between 1979 and 1994 LIC LIC 7

single undertaking principle, effect LIC 7

export performance, relevance (LIC 3.5(j)) LIC 12–13, 30–1

national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) and GATT 359, TRIMs 6

neutrality in application and administration in a fair and equitable manner (LIC 1.3) LIC 12–13

administration in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner (GATT X:3(a)), equivalence GATT 594, LIC 12

non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3)

GATT II(1)(b) and LIC 32

newcomer provision (LIC 3.5(j)) LIC 29

small quantities, allocation in respect of (LIC 3.5(i)) LIC 29

transparency and predictability requirement (LIC 3.5(a)) LIC 23–4

over-quota trade, applicability to LIC 1, 3

rules and procedures distinguished LIC 4–6, 13

speculation in licences (LIC 3.5(h) and (j)) LIC 27

tariff quota procedures, applicability to LIC 2

use of “restriction” in LIC 3.2 and 3.3, relevance LIC 2

trade-restrictive or trade-distortive effects, avoidance (LIC 1.2 and 3.2) LIC 3, 9

transparency and predictability requirement (LIC Preamble) LIC 1, 15

frequent changes to rules and LIC 15

non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) and LIC 23–4

Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC)

relationship with 1979 Agreement LIC 48

reservations (LIC 8.1) WTO 297, LIC 50–1

review of implementation and operation (LIC 7)

annual questionnaire (LIC 7.3), replies to LIC 42–6

biennial reviews (LIC 7.1 and 7.2) LIC 41

procedures for LIC 42

termination LIC 49

income tax, marketing cost, whether AG 108

Independent Entity (IE) (PSI 4)

annual reports PSI 19

constitution (IFIA/ICC) (PSI 4(a)) PSI 17

cost of proceedings PSI 20, 21

exporters’ reluctance to use PSI 20

immunities PSI 18

independent review procedures

2005 (Alcatel — SGS) PSI 21

2006 (Alcatel — SGS) PSI 14–15, 21

list of experts (PSI 4(b)) PSI 19

rules of procedure WTO 95, PSI 18

status including structure and functions (General Council Decision of 13 and 15 December 1995) PSI 18

India — Additional Import Duties (AB), WT/DS360/AB/R GATT 137

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise GATT 159

relationships within and between agreements, GATT II:1(b)/GATT II:2(a) GATT 158

Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)

“charge equivalent to an internal tax”(GATT II:2(a)) GATT 159–60

burden of proof GATT 160

“other duties or charges” (ODCs) (GATT II:1(b)) GATT 149

India — Additional Import Duties (Panel), WT/DS360/R GATT 137

India — Autos (AB), WT/DS146/AB/R, WT/DS175/AB/R, DSR 2002:V

judicial economy, order of analysis and DSU 648

order of analysis, judicial economy and DSU 648

withdrawal of appeal (ABWP 30), simple withdrawal DSU 1468

India — Autos (Panel), WT/DS146/R and Corr.1, WT/DS175/R and Corr.1, DSR 2002:V

balance of payments difficulties, developing countries’ right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B), burden of proof, prima facie case GATT 761

exchange arrangements (IMF/WTO) (GATT XV), consultations (GATT XV:2), dispute settlement and GATT 702

Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2), quantitative restrictions (GATT XI:1) and GATT 409 n. 596, 425, TRIMs 15–16

implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1) DSU 929

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, dictionaries GATT 356, 357

judicial economy, prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose TRIMs 16

legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred”(DSU 6.2/7.1), clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 349

lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts

General Interpretative Note (WTO Annex 1A) DSU 22

possibilities of conflict considered by panel/AB, GATT/TRIMs DSU 1722

“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4), relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 338

national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of importation (“internal measures”) (Ad Article), QRs (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 408

national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)

“affecting” GATT 361

nature of advantage, relevance GATT 361

“laws, regulations or requirements”

non-mandatory measures GATT 353

“requirements” GATT 356–7

“requirements” GATT 356–7

TRIMs and GATT 409 n. 596, 425–6, TRIMs 15–16

order of analysis

GATT/TRIMs DSU 1722

specific/general provision GATT 425–6

preliminary rulings (procedural aspects), absence of requirement/ established practice DSU 349

quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)

GATT III and GATT 408–9, 408–9

“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1)

“restriction” GATT 600–600bis

trade balancing condition GATT 616

relationships within and between agreements

GATT III/GATT XI GATT 408–9

GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 GATT 409 n. 596, 425–6, TRIMs 15–16

GATT XI:1/TRIMs 2 GATT 426, TRIMs 15–16

GATT XI:1/TRIMs Illustrative List GATT 409 n. 596, 425, TRIMs 15–16

standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of matter before it”, events during proceedings, exclusion from panel’s considerations DSU 941

TRIMs Agreement, quantitative measures (GATT XI and) GATT 409 n. 596, 425, TRIMs 15–16

India — Patents (EC) (Panel), WT/DS79/R, DSR 1998:VI

competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17)

“clarification of existing provisions” DSU 1708

ex aequo et bono jurisdiction, exclusion DSU 1708

not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) DSU 1708

ex aequo et bono jurisdiction DSU 1708

intellectual property rights, enforcement (TRIPS Part III), “shall have the authority” (TRIPS 43–8) TRIPS 226

international law / “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2)), ex aequo et bono jurisdiction DSU 1708

legal status of panel reports, reports on same subject-matter in parallel proceedings DSU 823

multiple complainants (DSU 9)

single panel “whenever feasible” (DSU 9.1) DSU 444

ordinary meaning DSU 444

ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements

“original panel” (DSU 10.4/DSU 21.5/DSU 22.6) DSU 475

“whenever feasible” (DSU 9.1) DSU 444

precedent, security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2) and DSU 823

security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2), precedent/AB jurisprudence, need to follow DSU 823

third party rights (DSU 10 and Appendix 3), submission to original panel (DSU 10.4) DSU 475

India — Patents (US) (AB), WT/DS50/AB/R, DSR 1998:I

AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), due process and DSU 1366

competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/DSU 17), not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) DSU 1551

consultations (DSU 4)

disclosure obligation DSU 138, 303

obligation to disclose information DSU 138

consultations (SCM 4.1–4), object and purpose, clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 194

developing countries (TRIPS), right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 186

disclosure obligation, consultations (DSU 4) DSU 138, 303, 675

dispute settlement (TRIPS 64)

DSU, applicability (DSU 1.1) DSU 4

non-violation and situation complaints, moratorium DSU 1551

domestic law

as evidence of

compliance with international obligations DSU 526

Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia DSU 526

interpretation of legislation distinguished DSU 526

state practice DSU 526

as fact for purposes of international adjudication DSU 526

DSU, applicability

covered agreements (DSU 1.1/DSU 7.2)

DSU DSU 4

DSU (as covered agreement) DSU 4

TRIPS Agreement DSU 4

due process (dispute settlement proceedings)

panel working procedures, need for DSU 579, 622 n. 1015, 671

prejudice to party, relevance DSU 675

intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II)

exclusive marketing rights obligations (TRIPS 70.9) TRIPS 314–15

existing rights, applicability to (TRIPS 70.2), obligation to provide means for filing applications relating to delayed application of TRIPS 27 (TRIPS 70.8) TRIPS 312–13

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions

effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase WTO 19

legitimate expectations (including GATT II:5 provisions) DSU 1551

object and purpose, TRIPS TRIPS 1

text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) DSU 1551

judicial economy, discretionary nature DSU 640

legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1)

arguments distinguished DSU 303, 327

clarification of claim during proceedings DSU 327

identification of treaty provisions DSU 310

“including but not necessarily limited to” DSU 310

summary “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 303

margin of discretion [in accordance with due process] (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3)

establishment of working procedures DSU 409, 667, 673 n. 1103, 683

limitations DSU 409, 667

non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), “benefit” /legitimate expectation of improved market access as DSU 1551

non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) (DSU 26.1), remedies (DSU 26.1(b)) DSU 1352

patents (TRIPS part II Section 5), existing subject matter, applicability to (TRIPS 70), patent protection (TRIPS 27) and TRIPS 186

relationships within and between agreements, TRIPS 27/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 186

request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2),

disclosure of all relevant information DSU 303

special or additional procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1), margin of discretion DSU 683

standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of matter before it”, independent assessment of domestic law DSU 526

terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)

consideration of issues outside terms of reference, exclusion DSU 408–9

as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue, specific legal claim included in terms of reference, limitation of jurisdiction to DSU 408–9

TRIPS Agreement

object and purpose, effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights TRIPS 1

obligations (TRIPS 1), implementation obligation (TRIPS 1.1), freedom to choose method TRIPS 7

India — Patents (US) (Panel), WT/DS50/R, DSR 1998:I

developing countries (TRIPS)

exclusive marketing rights (TRIPS 70.9), right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293

national treatment (TRIPS 3), right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 292

pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, patent protection (TRIPS 70.8), right to delay (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293

right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 288–9

dispute settlement (TRIPS 64), DSU, applicability (DSU 1.1) DSU 1551

IGOs, panel’s right to seek information from DSU 753

implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)

panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 967

panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 954

intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II)

exclusive marketing rights obligations (TRIPS 70.9) TRIPS 315

developing countries, right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293

existing subject matter, applicability to (TRIPS 70), transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65) and TRIPS 292–3

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions

object and purpose, preamble as evidence of TRIPS 1

preamble of agreement under consideration as aid TRIPS 1

relationships within and between agreements

TRIPS 65/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 292

TRIPS 65/TRIPS 70.9 TRIPS 293

TRIPS Agreement, transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), procedural nature TRIPS 289

India — Quantitative Restrictions (AB), WT/DS90/AB/R, DSR 1999:V

balance of payments difficulties, developing countries’ right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B)

change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9), macroeconomic policy instruments and structural measures distinguished GATT 775

competence of panel to examine justification GATT 755–9, 776

progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), Ad Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions)

burden of proof GATT 768

temporal sequence (“thereupon produce”) GATT 773–4

balance of payments restrictions, GATT XVIII:B, DSU, applicability to disputes relating to DSU 10

Balance of Payments Understanding (BOP)

DSU, applicability (BOB Understanding footnote 1) GATT 755–9

preparatory work, absence of GATT 755

burden of proof (general rules)

allocation, requirement to indicate DSU 553

prima facie case requirement, explicit finding, relevance

expert evidence, independent assessment by panel DSU 538

government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII), dispute settlement (GATT XXIII), applicability to GATT 755–7

non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), nullification or impairment, need for, government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII) and GATT 755–7

preparatory work (VCLT 32), BOP Understanding footnote 1 GATT 755, DSU 1640

special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), arrangements considered for classification as, BOP DSU 10

standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)

balance of payments measures (BOP Understanding footnote 1) GATT 755–9

“objective assessment of matter before it”, expert evidence, panel’s obligation to make independent assessment DSU 538

India — Quantitative Restrictions (Panel), WT/DS90/R, DSR 1999:V

anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) including interrelationship with AD Agreement, separability of AD and GATT VI GATT 493

balance of payments difficulties, developing countries’ right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B) GATT 653, 754

adequacy to forestall the threat of or stop a serious decline in monetary reserves (GATT XVIII:9(a)) GATT 764–5

IMF information as evidence of GATT 763

burden of proof GATT 760

change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9 and Ad Note), burden of proof GATT 760

justification (GATT XVIII:9)

Ad Note GATT XVIII:11 and GATT 770–4

critical date for evaluation by panel GATT 763

phase out, right to in absence of balance of payments difficulties (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 759, 777, 782

progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11)

General Council/BOB Committee role (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 758–9

“gradual relaxation” GATT 771

progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), Ad Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions) GATT 770–4

causal relationship (“would produce”) GATT 773

threat of return, sufficiency GATT 771

right (GATT XVIII:2) GATT 754

balance of payments restrictions (GATT XII), developing countries’ right to take measures (GATT XVIII:B) distinguished GATT 650, 653, 754

Balance of Payments Understanding (BOP)

status in relation to GATT XII and XVIII:B GATT 493, 779, DSU 10

time-schedule (paras. 1 and 13) GATT 759, 782, 789

burden of proof (general rules)

onus probandi actori incumbit GATT 768

prima facie case requirement GATT 598

change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9 and Note Ad), burden of proof GATT 768–9

consultations (DSU 4), developing countries and (DSU 4.10), extension of periods agreed under DSU 4.7 and 4.8 (DSU 12.10) DSU 713

developing countries (WTO Preamble), “positive efforts” WTO 5

dispute settlement, special provisions relating to developing countries, requirement for specific indication of form in which account has been taken of special needs (DSU 12.11) DSU 716

Enabling Clause (EC), as “positive effort” (WTO Preamble) WTO 5

exchange arrangements (IMF) (GATT XV), consultations (GATT XV:2), DSU 13.1 consultations and GATT 701, DSU 753

exchange arrangements (IMF/WTO) (GATT XV), consultations (GATT XV:2), dispute settlement and, IMF findings, status GATT 704

government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII)

balance of payments (GATT XVIII) and GATT 653, 754

dispute settlement (GATT XXIII), applicability to GATT 755–7

IMF/WTO relationship (WTO III:5), panel’s right to seek information from (DSU 13.1) DSU 753

implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 956

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, “special meaning” (VCLT 31(4)) DSU 1606

legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), evidence to support claim distinguished DSU 410

licensing requirement, as quantitative restriction (GATT XI:1) GATT 612

market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1), measures excepted from requirement (footnote 1) AG 65

modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII), applicability of GATT XI and GATT 598

multiple authentic languages, interpretation (VCLT 33), meaning which best reconciles texts (VCLT 33(4)) DSU 1657

non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), nullification or impairment, need for, government assistance to economic development (GATT XVIII) and GATT 755–7

ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, “restriction” (GATT XI:1) GATT 600

quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)

burden of proof GATT 598

GATT XIII and GATT 685 n. 960

“prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1)

licensing requirements GATT 612

“restriction” GATT 600–1, 600–600bis

restriction, as “limiting condition” GATT 600–600bis

“restriction”, ordinary meaning GATT 600

restrictions on imports by particular persons GATT 618

“restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 621, 648, 792

relationships within and between agreements

GATT XI/GATT XIII GATT 685 n. 960

GATT XII and XVIII:B/BOP GATT 493, 779, DSU 10

GATT XII/GATT XVIII:B GATT 653, 754, 793

GATT XVIII:9(a)/GATT XVIII:9(b) GATT 764

State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII)

quantitative restrictions (GATT XI:1) GATT 621

“quantitative restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 621, 792

terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)

consideration of issues outside terms of reference, exclusion DSU 410

material used in defence distinguished DSU 410

WTO Agreement, preamble, developing countries and trade WTO 4–7

Indonesia — Autos (Panel), WT/DS54/R and Corr.1, 2, 3, 4, WT/ DS55/R and Corr.1, 2, 3, 4, WT/DS64/R and Corr.1, 2, 3, 4, DSR 1998:VI

adverse effects (SCM 5), obligation to remove adverse threats or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.8) SCM 327

burden of proof (general rules), SCM provisions, “serious prejudice” (SCM 27.8) SCM 568

composition of delegation

legal representation/private counsel DSU 725

Member’s right to determine DSU 725

confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/ WP 3), obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 725

customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2), in absence of specific provision SCM 694–5

developing countries (SCM 27)

actionable subsidies (SCM 27.9). nullification or impairment claims, limitation to SCM 569

exemption from SCM 3.1(a) (transitional period) (SCM 27.3), as authorization of prohibited subsidies (GATT III:2) SCM 535

serious prejudice (SCM 27.8) SCM 568

developing countries (TRIMs 4), TRIMs 2.1 and TRIMs 22

export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II)

national treatment and (GATT III:8(b)) GATT 390, 422

national treatment (GATT III) and GATT 420–1

GATS Agreement, GATT 1994, effect on GATT 419

identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), measure not yet taken DSU 378

Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2)

analysis of TRIMs status of measure (TRIMs 1) and TRIMs 4

local content requirements (Item 1) TRIMs4

tax and customs duty benefits (para. 1(a)) TRIMs 10–11

interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions

footnotes to treaty as aid/integral part of treaty TRIPS 57

same or closely related phrases in different agreements, GATT III/SCM 15 footnote 46 SCM 424

same or closely related phrases in same agreement

GATT XVI:1/SCM 5(c)/6.3(c) SCM 267

SCM 6.3(a)/SCM 6.4 SCM 308

“investment measures” (TRIMs 1) TRIMs 1–2

analysis of TRIMs status, relevance of Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2) TRIMs 4

legislative measures, relevance TRIMs 2

judicial economy

limitation of consideration to claims essential to resolution of dispute (DSU 3.2) GATT 423, TRIMs 11

prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose TRIMs 11

legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), summary “sufficient to present the problem clearly” DSU 378

lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts

“conflict” DSU 1720 n. 2701

possibilities of conflict considered by panel/AB, SCM/TRIMS TRIMs 7, SCM 694–5, DSU 1712

SCM/TRIMs TRIMs 8

“like product” (GATT I), “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4) compared GATT 39

“like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4)

GATT I:1 and GATT 39

relevant factors

nationality of producer or origin of parts and components GATT 249

nationality of producer or origin of product (“hypothetical” like products) GATT 249

“like product” (SCM 15 footnote 46)

“characteristics closely resembling” SCM 424–8

physical characteristics SCM 426

price SCM 426–7

unassembled/assembled products SCM 428

unassembled/assembled products, whether SCM 428

MFN treatment (GATT I:1)

“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product”

differential treatment on the basis of origin of product and GATT 46

local content requirement, relevance GATT 46

private action and GATT 46

“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product”, order of analysis GATT 27

customs duties and tax benefits as (GATT III:2) GATT 117

national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), publication and administration of regulations (GATT X) and GATT 590

national treatment, payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers as exception (GATT III:8(b)), SCM Agreement and GATT 390, 419–22

national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)

“all laws, regulations or requirements affecting” TRIMs 10 n. 17

applicability to direct taxes [on individual] GATT 420

TRIMs and GATT 423, TRIMs 3, 9–11

national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), applicability, indirect taxes [taxes on products] GATT 420

national treatment (TRIPS 3)

applicability (TRIPS 3.1 footnote 3) TRIPS 57

TRIPS 20 (special requirements) and TRIPS 57, 147

order of analysis, “advantage” /discrimination (GATT I:1) GATT 27

ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements

“displacment” (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 307

“impede” (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 307

preliminary rulings on, specificity of request for panel (DSU 6.2) DSU 373

preparatory work (VCLT 32), GATT III:8 GATT 390

relationships within and between agreements

GATT I/GATT X GATT 590, 590

GATT III/GATT X GATT 590, 592

GATT III/SCM Agreement GATT 117

GATT III:2/SCM SCM 535, 688

GATT III:2/SCM Agreement GATT 420–1

GATT III:4/TRIMs 2 GATT 423, TRIMs 9–11

GATT III:4/TRIMs 3 TRIMs 9, 20

GATT III:8(b)/SCM 1 GATT 390, 422

GATT III/SCM SCM 686–7

GATT/SCM GATT 419

SCM 2.3/SCM 3 SCM 118

SCM 3.1(b)/TRIMs TRIMs 7–9, SCM 695

SCM 27.3/TRIMs 5 TRIMs 8

TRIMS 1/Illustrative List (TRIMs 2.2) TRIMs 4

TRIMs 2.1/TRIMs 5 TRIMs 24

TRIPS 3/TRIPS 20 TRIPS 57, 147

TRIPS 3/TRIPS 65.2 TRIPS 291

TRIPS 20/TRIPS 65.5 TRIPS 148, 290

request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 378

SCM Agreement, transitional arrangements (existing programmes) (SCM 28.1), “inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement” (SCM 28.1) SCM 574

“serious prejudice” (GATT XVI:1), “serious prejudice” (SMC 5(c)/ 6.3(c)), identity of meaning SCM 267

“serious prejudice” (SCM 5(c)), “significant price undercutting/suppression” (SCM 6.3(c)) as SCM 267

“serious prejudice” (SCM 6)

developing countries, exclusion (SCM 27.9) SCM 569

displacement or impediment to imports (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 267

“displacement” SCM 307

“impediment” SCM 307

market share data, relevance SCM 308

SCM 4, relevance SCM 308

nationality of producers, relevance SCM 267

“significant price undercutting/suppression” (SCM 6.3(c))

“effect of the subsidy”, expired subsidy programme SCM 298

“price undercutting” SCM 267, 314

“serious prejudice” (SCM 27.8) SCM 568

standing as claimant (SCM)

SCM 6.3(a) SCM 267

serious prejudice requirement (SCM 7.2) SCM 267

subsidy, specificity (SCM 2), subsidy “contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 2.3/3.1(b)) SCM 118

terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)

“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2)

amended measures, amendment following establishment of panel DSU 396

terminated measures, termination following agreement on terms of reference DSU 392

trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2), special requirements (TRIPS 20), national treatment (TRIPS 3) and TRIPS 147

treaties, conflict between, definition and general principles DSU 1712

TRIMs Agreement, as integral part of WTO Agreement TRIMs 8–9

TRIPS Agreement, transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), “lesser degree of consistency” (TRIPS 65.5) TRIPS 290

WTO Agreement, cumulative nature of obligations SCM 687

Indonesia — Autos (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS54/15, WT/DS55/14, WT/DS59/13, WT/DS64/12, DSR 1998:IX

developing countries (DSU 21.2) (implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings), “reasonable period” (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 1064

developing countries, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21.2) DSU 1007

lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts DSU 1712

“measures at issue” (DSU 6.2)

terminated measures

GATT practice DSU 392

termination following agreement on terms of reference DSU 392

“reasonable period” for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)

developing countries and (DSU 21.2) DSU 1007, 1064

economic and social conditions, relevance DSU 1064

structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 1062

Informal Group on Anti-Circumvention, ADP Committee Decision on (April 1997) AD 1017–18

information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2)

see also adverse inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw (DSU 13); expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2)

burden of proof and DSU 556

comprehensive nature of panel’s authority DSU 736–7, 738, 766

confidentiality considerations SG 113–15, DSU 764, 1334

discretion not to seek DSU 607, 736, 754, 756–60

discretion to accept or reject requested information or advice DSU 736, 1334

discretion to accept or reject unrequested information or advice DSU 738–42

“from any individual or body” DSU 736–60

good faith obligation (DSU 3.10) and DSU 116–17

IGOs DSU 753–5

table showing exercise of right DSU 755

non-parties DSU 752

parties DSU 632, 746–51

frequency of exercise DSU 746

panel’s right to evaluate source of information or advice DSU 736

panel’s rights, to assess facts SPS 39

prompt and full response requirement DSU 761–3

role/value SPS 395–6

Information Technology Agreement (Singapore) GATT 193–9

“instrument … in connection with the conclusion of the threat” (VCLT 31(2)(b)), whether DSU 1567

“products” /product coverage GATT 199

information technology products

Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products

establishment GATT 197

Non-Tariff Measures Work Programme GATT 198

observer status GATT 197 n. 289

rules of procedure (1997) GATT 197

Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products (Singapore) WTO 53, 67, GATT 193–9

Information Technology Products, Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in WTO 93

Infrastructure Contract (WTO–Switzerland) (1995) WTO 193

injury: see determination of injury (AD 3); determination of injury (SCM 15); safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2); transitional safeguards (ATC 6); serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2)

Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation DSU 1357

Integrated Data Base (IDB) WTO 135, GATT 185–6

Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed countries (IF) GATT 1102–6

Aid for Trade GATT 1106

endorsement as viable model WTO 109

Enhanced IF

role GATT 1105

Task Force (2005–6) GATT 1104

establishment GATT 1102

mandate GATT 1102

objectives GATT 1103

Pilot Scheme WTO 110

review of Integrated Framework WTO 110, GATT 1103

Working Group work programme (2004) WTO 113

integration process (ATC 2): see quantitative restrictions (ATC 2) (integration process)

intellectual property conventions (TRIPS 2)

assimilation to nationals “of the Union” (PC 3) TRIPS 24

continuing obligations under (TRIPS 2.2) TRIPS 33

intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II):

see trademarks (TRIPS Part II Section 2)

national treatment (PC 2(1))/TRIPS 3.1 TRIPS 20–2

trademark registration (PC): see trademarks (Paris Convention (PC))

intellectual property rights, acquisition and maintenance including inter partes procedures

inter partes proceedings (TRIPS Part IV) and enforcement (TRIPS Part III) distinguished TRIPS 219, 278

unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), term of protection (TRIPS 33) as distinct and cumulative provision TRIPS 8, 276

intellectual property rights, availability, scope and use (TRIPS Part II)

acquisition and maintenance (TRIPS 62), unwarranted curtailment, prohibition (TRIPS 62.2), freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and TRIPS 8

exclusive marketing rights obligations (TRIPS 70.9) TRIPS 314–15

developing countries’ right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2) TRIPS 293

least-developed countries, waiver TRIPS 316

exhaustion (TRIPS 6), Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (2001) and TRIPS 76

existing subject matter, applicability to (TRIPS 70)

“acts which occurred before date” (TRIPS 70.1) and “existing at the date” (TRIPS 70.2) distinguished TRIPS 307, 311, DSU 1524

“acts” (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 308–10, DSU 1524

freedom to choose method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1) and TRIPS 8

obligation to provide means for filing applications relating to delayed application of TRIPS 27 (TRIPS 70.8) TRIPS 312–13

patent protection (TRIPS 27) and TRIPS 186

“subject matter” (TRIPS 70.2) TRIPS 311

term of protection (TRIPS 33) and TRIPS 317

transitional arrangements (TRIPS 66) and TRIPS 292–3

“intellectual property” (TRIPS 1.2) TRIPS 12–14, 216

categories covered TRIPS 12

as private rights (preamble) TRIPS 4

MFN treatment (TRIPS 4), “less favourable treatment”, applicability to all trademark owners requirement TRIPS 65–6

national treatment (TRIPS 3): see national treatment (TRIPS 3)

intellectual property rights, enforcement (TRIPS Part III)

“acts of infringement” (TRIPS 41.1) TRIPS 217

criminal procedures: see criminal procedures (TRIPS 61)

due process: see fair and equitable procedures (TRIPS 42)

“intellectual property rights” (TRIPS 41/TRIPS 1.2) TRIPS 216

inter partes proceedings (TRIPS Part IV) distinguished TRIPS 219, 278

“other remedies” (TRIPS 46)

16.229–31: see also border measures special measures related to enforcement of (TRIPS Part III Section 4),  destruction or disposal of infringing goods (TRIPS 59), “principles set out in Article 46”

exhaustiveness of TRIPS 46 list TRIPS 231

preparatory work in case of ambiguity (VCLT 32(a)) TRIPS 229

proportionality requirement TRIPS 230

“such request”, ambiguity TRIPS 229

rights not protected by Berne Convention and TRIPS 221

“shall have the authority” (TRIPS 43–8) TRIPS 226

Inter-Agency Panel on Short-Term Difficulties in Financing Normal Levels of Commercial Import of Basic Foodstuffs

see also NFIDC implementation (AG 16)

establishment AG 157–8, 167, 219

recommendations (2002) AG 221

report (2002) AG 221

terms of reference AG 157–8, 220

intergovernmental organizations (IGOS), panel’s right to seek information from (DSU 13.1) DSU 753–5

interim review (DSU 15)

additional comments following relevant AB report DSU 817

additional meeting DSU 806–7

changes to report in absence of request DSU 804–5

correction of non-substantive error DSU 805

confidentiality of reports DSU 813–16, 913, 918

contested factual issues DSU 776–7

failure to inform panel of errors DSU 786–8

good faith (DSU 3.10) and DSU 799

inclusion of discussion of arguments (DSU 15.3) DSU 808

multiple complainants/separate reports DSU 809–11

on a particular issue DSU 812

new arguments DSU 802–3

new evidence DSU 626, 789–95

“precise aspects of the interim report”, limitation to (DSU 15.2) DSU 778–81

reargument of case, exclusion DSU 782–5

reconsideration of evidence, arguments and findings DSU 796–8

termination of measures following, effect DSU 384 n. 623

third party rights DSU 480, 774–5

timeliness of objections to terms of reference DSU 367, 799–801

timing of comments DSU 772–3

translation issues DSU 818–19

International Bovine Meat Agreement

acceptance provisions (IBM VI) WTO 270

amendments (IBM VI:4) WTO 220

reservations (IBM VI:1(b)) WTO 302

termination/deletion from WTO Annex IV (Plurilateral Agreements) (IBM VI) WTO 161, 218, 257, 270

International Dairy Agreement (IDA)

acceptance provisions (IDA VIII) WTO 270

amendments (ID VIII:4) WTO 220

reservations (IDA VIII:1(b)) WTO 302

International Dairy Council, termination WTO 161

international food aid (AG 10.4)

3.129–31: see also NFIDC implementation (AG 16)

Food Aid Convention (1999) AG 131

relationship with AG 10.1 AG 129

international law/ “relevant rules of international law” (VCLT 31 (3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2))

17.1587–605: see also customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2)

burden of proof: see burden of proof (general rules)

compétence de la compétence DSU 366, 1327, 1702

consistency in jurisprudence DSU 53, 823, 835, 903, 1701

constituent elements (“rules” / “relevant” / “applicable between the parties”) DSU 1598, 1604

countermeasures: see countermeasures (general principles)

customary international law as DSU 1598

determination of “ordinary meaning” (VCLT 31(1)) and DSU 1594–6

erga omnes obligations DSU 1699–700

estoppel/acquiescence, 17.112, 17.1703–7:

see also estoppel

ex aequo et bono jurisdiction DSU 1708

general principles of law/international law as DSU 1594

good faith as GATT 857, AD 575, SCM 196, DSU 387, 1594, 1597

harmless error principle AD 390–3, 456, 483, 827, DSU 311 n. 495, 1709

Harmonized System as DSU 1593

ILC Articles on State Responsibility, whether, 17.1588, 17.1599–600: see also State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles)

in dubio mitius principle DSU 1713 n. 2689, 1734–5

jura novit curia DSU 324, 326, 328, 416, 574–5, 1710

legislation as such and DSU 339

lex specialis: see lex specialis/presumption against treaty conflicts

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