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G
GATS Agreement see also Accountancy
Sector, Disciplines on Domestic Regulation (1998); balance of payments,
safeguard restrictions (GATS XII); business practices (GATS
IX);
developing countries (GATS IV); disclosure of confidential information
(GATS IIIbis); dispute settlement and enforcement (GATS XXIII);
domestic regulation (GATS VI); e-commerce (in chronological order of
developments); economic integration (GATS
V); emergency safeguard
measures (GATS X); financial services
(GATS); General Exceptions (GATS
XIV) (general); General Exceptions (GATS XIV(a)), measures necessary to
protect public morals or maintain public order; market access (GATS
XVI); MFN treatment (GATS II); monopolies and exclusive service
providers (GATS VIII); national treatment, services and service
suppliers (GATS XVII); progressive liberalization (GATS XIX);
progressive liberalization (GATS XIX), decisions and agreements relating
to; progressive liberalization negotiations (GATS XIX:3 and Doha
15);
recognition of qualifications (GATS VII); Schedules of Specific
Commitments (GATS XX); telecommunications
(GATS); telecommunications,
GATS Annex on Basic Telecommunications; telecommunications, GATS XVIII
Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications; “trade in services”
(GATS 1:2); transparency (GATS
preamble/III); Working Party on GATS
Rules
commercial presence (GATS 1:2(c)) GATS
22, 148
“commercial presence” (GATS XXVIII(d)) GATS
227
disclosure of confidential information (GATS IIIbis)
GATS 48
Electronic Commerce Work Programme (Doha 34) and
GATS 44
GATT 1994 overlap GATT
419, 427–8,
TRIMs 8 n. 12, GATS 24–9
Institutional Arrangements, Marrakesh Ministerial
Decision GATS 220
object and purpose (preamble)
balance of rights and obligations GATS 3
progressive liberalization, technological
developments and GATS 3–5
security and predictability GATS 1–2
transparency GATS 1–2
“sector” (GATS XXVIII(e)) GATS 228–9
“supply of a servies” (GATS XXVIII(b)) GATS
225–6
GATT 1947/WTO continuity
allocation of functions (GATT 1994 2(b)) GATT 14–15
Assets, Liabilities, Records, Staff and Functions
from GATT to the WTO, Agreement on (1994) WTO
195, 267
authentic texts (GATT 1994 2(b)), difficulties in
preparation GATT 16–18
decisions, procedures and customary practices
under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1)/provisions of legal instruments in force
under GATT 1947 (GATT 1994 1(b)) (GATT acquis)
1.273–83, 2.407: see also under GATT
practice under individual headings
accession process (Secretariat Technical Note) WTO
274
decision-making by consensus (GATT IX:1) and WTO
273
dispute settlement, commitment to adhere to (DSU
3.1) DSU 40, 278
joint decisions, limitation to WTO 276
as means of ensuring continuity WTO 275
WTO XVI:1 and GATT 1994 1(b) distinguished WTO 282
“decisions” (WTO XVI:1/GATT 1(b)(iv)),
classification as
see also legal status of panel reports
bilateral agreements WTO 276
Enabling Clause (EC) GATT 12
GATT 1947 Council decisions WTO 278
GATT Council Understanding on tax legislation
(1981) SCM 99–100
panel reports GATT 169
panel reports (adopted) WTO
275, 279, GATT
9, 169
n. 240, 608 n. 868, SCM
100, DSU 820–1
panel reports (unadopted) WTO
279, GATT 608 n. 868, SCM 99–100,
DSU 1148 n. 1802
panel reports (unappealed) WTO
281, GATT 1041, DSU
822, 892
SCM Code WTO 277
GATT 1994 as distinct agreement (WTO II:4) WTO 27
“legal instruments” (GATT 1994 1(b)) SCM 99–100
accession protocols (GATT 1994 1(b)(ii)) GATT
3, 6
decisions on GATT 1947 waivers WTO 206–8,
GATT 7–8
Understanding in Respect of Waivers of Obligations
WTO 207, GATT 8
as integral part of WTO Agreement WTO
20, GATT 1–13
“protocols and certifications relating to tariff
concessions” (GATT 1994 1(b)(i) and 1(d)) GATT 4–5
procedural and institutional duplication,
avoidance WTO 261
transitional arrangements WTO 261–3
GATT practice WTO 263
Preparatory Committee decisions concerning WTO 261
withdrawal or termination of agreements associated
with GATT 1947 WTO 262
WTO preamble WTO 3
GATT
acceptance, entry into force and registration
(GATT XXVI), GATT practice GATT 1069
accession (GATT XXXIII), GATT practice GATT 1092
amendments (GATT XXX), GATT practice GATT 1089
annexes as integral part of agreement (GATT XXXIV)
GATT 1093
authentic texts (GATT XXVI:3)
GATT 1994 2(b) GATT 16–18
GATT practice GATT 1067
commitments (GATT XXXVII), GATT practice GATT 1112
contracting parties (GATT XXXII), GATT practice
GATT 1091
“date of this agreement” (GATT XXVI:1) GATT
1063–6
GATT II:1(b), II:1(c) and II:6(a) (Marrakesh
Protocol) and GATT 153–7
GATT V and GATT 444
GATT practice GATT 1066
GATT practice GATT 1069–70
provisional application GATT 1070
non-applicability (GATT XXXV), GATT practice WTO
259, GATT 1094
object and purpose (GATT I:1)
expansion of trade in goods and services GATT 21
non-discrimination GATT 24–6,
50
raising standards of living GATT 20
principles and objectives (GATT XXXVI), GATT
practice GATT 1110
responsibility of Member for compliance by
regional and local governments and authorities (GATT XXIV:12), see
also RTAs (GATT XXIV:5)
withdrawal (GATT XXXI), GATT practice GATT 1090
GATT exceptions, applicability (TRIMs
3) TRIMs 20–1
GATT Subsidies Code, limited
nature of provisions SCM 702
General Council (WTO IV:2)
as DSB: see DSB
functions
budget WTO 71
cooperation agreements with intergovernmental
organizations WTO 71
cooperation agreements with non-governmental
organizations WTO 71
financial regulations WTO 71
guidance of councils established under WTO IV:5
WTO 91
requests for extension of transition periods (TRIMs
5.3) and TRIMs 32–5
interpretation of WTO Agreement WTO 197–202
staff regulations WTO 71
guidelines for the appointment of officers to WTO
bodies (1995/2002) WTO 73
as highest-level decision-making body WTO 70
membership WTO 70
Ministerial Conference, authority to act of behalf
of WTO 70
observer status (applicants for accession) SG 300
observer status (intergovernmental organizations)
ad hoc status WTO 163
Observer Status for International
Intergovernmental Organizations in the WTO Guidelines WTO 164
permanent status WTO 163–4
observer status (NGOs) WTO 167
reporting procedures
action by General Council and sectoral councils
WTO 75
Ministerial Conference overview
WTO 75
Plurilateral Trade Agreements Committees
WTO 75
sectoral councils and subsidiary bodies
WTO 75
rules of procedure
adoption WTO 72
amendment WTO 72
General Exceptions (GATS XIV) (general)
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination,
exclusion (GATS XIV chapeau) GATS 78
determination by reference to context GATS 80
Decision on Trade in Services and the Environment
GATS 77
electronic commerce and GATS 76
GATT XX jurisprudence, relevance GATS 74
order of analysis/freedom to choose issues to
address GATS 79
two-step analysis (justification under paras. (a)–(d)/compliance
with chapeau) GATS 75
General Exceptions (GATS XIV(a)),
measures necessary to protect public morals or maintain public order
“a genuine and sufficiently serious threat …
to one of the fundamental interests of society” (GATS XIV footnote 5)
GATS 82, 84–5
balance between restrictive effect on
international trade and “necessity” GATS 88
either/or nature of requirement GATS 81
Member’s right to determine level of desired
protection GATS 83–4
“necessary” GATS
81, 86–90
burden of proof GATS 91–2
public morals exception (GATT XX(a)) compared GATS
74, 83
“reasonably available” alternative WTO-consistent
measure GATT 928–32
General Exceptions (GATT XX) (general)
applicability to GATT as a whole (chapeau) GATT
844, 860
burden of proof GATT 852–4,
888, 912
chapeau and paras. a-j distinguished GATT 852–3
SPS distinguished GATT 854
“countries” GATT 860 n. 1180
evaluation of scientific evidence GATT 900–3
divergence of expert views GATT 901
SPS 2.2 requirements distinguished GATT 854
obligation to comply with domestic legislation,
relevance GATT 845–7
limited and conditional nature of exceptions GATT
856
protocols of accession and GATT 951–5
two-step analysis (justification under paras.
(a)-(j)/compliance with chapeau) GATT
848, 856
General Exceptions (GATT XX),
preamble/chapeau
applicability of GATT XX to GATT as a whole GATT
844, 860
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, GATT XX
measure as: see arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination GATT XX
measure as (GATT XX chapeau)
GATT practice GATT 878
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle
(VCLT 26)) and GATT 857, DSU 1501
preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATT 856
purpose
balance between competing rights GATT
846, 856–7
prevention of abuses of exceptions GATT 855–6
General Exceptions (GATT XX(a)),
measures necessary to protect public morals
accession protocol (China), applicability GATT 951–5
balance between restrictive effect on
international trade and “necessity” GATT 886–7
“necessary”
analysis as multi-step process GATT 882–4
burden of proof GATT 881
“public morals” GATT 879–81
General Exceptions (GATT XX(b)),
measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health
see also SPS Agreement
balance between restrictive effect on
international trade and “necessity” GATT 909
burden of proof GATT
853, 888
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT
385
GATT practice GATT 911
justification
compliance with GATT XX chapeau, need for GATT 910
evidence of health risks, relevance GATT
385
objective criteria, need for GATT 869
policy objective GATT 892–3
“necessary” GATT 894–910
for achievement of legitimate objective GATT 895–9
Member’s right to determine level of desired
protection GATT 903
necessity of policy goal vs necessity of measure
to achieve it GATT 894
scientific data/risk assessment and GATT 900–3
“preponderant” evidence GATT 901
“reasonably available” alternative WTO-consistent
measure GATT 904–6
complimentary measures distinguished GATT 908
“reasonably available” GATT 928
SPS provisions distinguished SPS 5
three-tier test GATT 888–91
constituent elements GATT 888
General Exceptions (GATT XX(d)),
measures necessary to secure compliance with GATT-consistent measure,
constituent elements
balance between restrictive effect on
international trade and “necessity” GATT 22
burden of proof GATT 912
GATT practice GATT 933
intention to secure compliance with GATT GATT 912
“laws or regulations” GATT 922–6
international rules, exclusion GATT 922–3
“necessary” to secure compliance
balancing of factors GATT 914–20
burden of proof GATT 912
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT
386, 912
“relating to” (GATT XX(g)) distinguished GATT
914 n. 1286
“reasonably available” alternative WTO-consistent
measure GATT 914–17,
928–32
balancing of factors GATT 930–1
“to secure compliance” GATT 927
General Exceptions (GATT XX(g)),
measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources
“exhaustible natural resources”
as evolutionary concept/intertemporal law WTO
2,
GATT 935, GATS 5 n. 7, DSU
1596, 1618
GATT practice GATT 936
GATT XI:2(a) distinguished GATT 635
living natural resources, whether WTO
2,
GATT 935
sustainable development as objective WTO
2, 3
“full use of the resources of the world”
distinguished WTO 3
WTO Preamble as aid to interpretation WTO
2, 3
GATT III:4 (regulatory discrimination) and GATT
384, 862–4
jurisdictional limitation, whether
GATT 934
“made effective in conjunction with”, as
balance between conservation and domestic production/consumption GATT
944–8
GATT practice GATT 948
“relating to” GATT
851, 894, 914,
937–43,
939
GATT practice GATT 943
“necessary” (GATT XX(d)) distinguished GATT
914 n. 1286, 939
“primarily aimed at” distinguished GATT
894, 921, 938–42
Geneva Ministerial Conference
(Seventh)/closing summary (2009)
Doha Round/Work Programme, guidance WTO 60
E-Commerce Work Programme WTO
37, 60
Non-violation and Situation Complaints, Decision
on WTO 60
WTO contribution to recovery, growth and
development WTO 60
Geneva Ministerial Conference (eighth)
(2011) WTO 61
Geneva Ministerial
Conference/Declaration (1998) WTO
54, 67
DSB: see DSB; Special Session for the
negotiation of improvements to and clarifications of the DSU
“forum for negotiations” (WTO III:2),
recommendations relating to WTO 32
Global E-Commerce Declaration (Geneva 20 May 1998)
WTO 32, 54, 67
TPRM: see Trade Policy Review Mechanism
(TPRM)
geographical indications (TRIPS Part II
Section 3) (GIs)
see also trademarks (Paris Convention
(PC)); wines and spirits additional protection for GIs (TRIPS 23)
burden/standard of proof TRIPS 154
generic terms, exclusion TRIPS 152
conflicts with later trademarks (TRIPS 22.3/23.2)
TRIPS 158
“date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement”
(TRIPS 24(3)) TRIPS 173
“geographical indications” (TRIPS 22.1) TRIPS
151–2
“in implementing this section” (TRIPS 24.3)
TRIPS 171
“in respect of” (TRIPS 22.1) TRIPS 150
“interested parties” (TRIPS 22.2) TRIPS
4, 155–6
national treatment (TRIPS 1.3) and TRIPS
4, 155
international negotiations: exceptions (TRIPS 24),
Checklist of Questions TRIPS 170
“legal means” (TRIPS 22.2), freedom to choose
method of implementation (TRIPS 1.1 and) TRIPS 9–10
“Members” (TRIPS 22.2) TRIPS 153–4
protected rights (TRIPS 16), potential for
conflict TRIPS 159
“protection of GIs that existed in that Member”
(TRIPS 24.3) TRIPS 172
registration of trademark
(eligibility/validity)/right to use (TRIPS 24.5)
as exception to GI protection TRIPS 174
“in this section” TRIPS 175
relationship TRIPS 174
right to object to registration of GI TRIPS 157
Germany — Sardines (GATT Panel), BISD
1S/53
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))
nullification or impairment,
need for causality GATT 986
competitive relationship as key factor GATT 986
Global Trust Fund (Doha Development
Agenda) WTO 188
good faith engagement in dispute
settlement procedures (DSU 3.10)
burden of proof and DSU 1276
complaints and counter-complaints as separate
issues DSU 134–5
confidentiality and DSU 127
consultations and (DSU 4.3) DSU
105, 128, 132,
154–5
continuity of obligation throughout dispute
settlement process DSU 130–2
correction of factual errors and DSU 124–5
development of arguments at earliest possible
stage DSU 118–23
due process obligations and DSU
122, 345
establishment of new panel during preparation of
preliminary rulings DSU 129
estoppel and DSU 110–12,
1705–7
implementation of DSB recommendation and rulings
and DSU 105, 1276
interim review (DSU 15) and DSU 799
as limitation on right to bring action under DSU
DSU 106–9
objective assessment obligation (DSU 11) SCM 696
presumption of DSU 103–5,
833
prompt challenge to deficient procedures SCM
196,
DSU 113–14, 126
prompt presentation of clear claim DSU 123
prompt request for clarification of information
DSU 119–20, 120,
306
prompt settlement of disputes (DSU 3) and DSU
115,
123
provision of information on request (DXU 13.1) and
DSU 116–17
tactics and manoeuvres to avoid, exclusion DSU 113–15
good faith (including pacta sunt
servanda principle (VCLT 26))
abuse of rights/abus de droit and GATT
857,
TRIPS 77, DSU 1501
balance of rights and obligations as objective
(TRIPS 7) TRIPS 77
burden of proof/presumption of GATT 570 n.
805,
DSU 387, 393, 1502,
1506, 1507
definition DSU 1501
evidence submitted by government SCM 250
“facts available”, right of resort to (AD
6.8/Annex II) and AD 559, 574
as fundamental rule of treaty
interpretation/performance GATT 989–91,
DSU 113, 1501,
1501–15,
1597, GPA 31–3
GATT XX and GATT
857, DSU 1501
as general principle of international law GATT
857, AD 575, SCM
196, DSU 387, 1594,
1597
as general principle of law GATT
857, AD 575, SCM
196, DSU 1594
seriousness of claim/need for diligence in
presentation DSU 279
“shall be explored” (AD 15) AD 859
good faith interpretation of treaty (VCLT
31(1)) DSU 1542–8
avoidance of legislation threatening prohibited
conduct DSU 1544
as fundamental principle of GATT 989–91,
DSU 113, 1501,
1501–15,
1545, GPA 31–3,
32
legitimate expectations, relevance DSU 1542
ordinary meaning of the text and DSU 1543
presumption of good faith and DSU 1546
good offices, conciliation and
mediation (DSU 5)
compulsory adjudication distinguished DSU 178
encouragement to use (WTO Director-General’s
communication of 13 July 2001) DSU 179
mediation, request for in absence of dispute DSU
180–1
government assistance to economic
development (GATT XVIII)
balance of payments (GATT XII) and GATT
653, 754
BOP restrictions (GATT XII) distinguished GATT 754
n. 1029
dispute settlement (GATT XXIII), applicability to
GATT 755–7
government entity: see Government
Procurement Agreement (GPA), definitions State responsibility as
rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles);
responsibility for act or omission of
Government Procurement Agreement
Schedules of Concessions (GPA)
as integral part of GPA (GPA XXIV:12) GPA 54
interpretation and clarification, VCLT as
applicable law GPA 54
special or additional rules and procedures (GPA
XXII:2) GPA 28
Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)
see also Government Procurement Committee
acceptance and entry into force (GPA XXIV:1) WTO
268
accession (GPA XXIV:2) WTO 255–6,
GPA 37–8
amendments (GPA XXIV:9) WTO
219, 221
annual review (GPA XXIV:7(a)) GPA 48
consultations and dispute settlement (GPA XXII),
non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2): GPA 29–36
definitions
“central government entities” (GPA: Appendix
1) GPA 6–13
“government procurement” (GPA I:1) GPA 5
“participate” (GPA VIII(c)) GPA 22
“purchases of services” (GPA I:1) GPA 4
elimination of discrimatory measures and practices
(GPA XXIV:7 (c)) GPA 53
elimination of discriminatory measures and
practices (GAP XXIV:7 (c)) GPA 53
entities not included in Appendix 1 (GPA I:3) GPA
17
error as to fact or situation, effect on validity
of treaty (VCLT 48(1)) GPA 32, 34–6
“further negotiations with a view to improving
the Agreement” (GPA XXIV:7(b)) GPA 49–52
provisionally agreed revised Agreement (2010) GPA
50–2
good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle
(VCLT 26)) and GATT 989–91,
GPA 31–3
notifications by parties (GPA XXIV:5) GPA
16, 18–19,
25, 40–1
rectifications and modifications (GPA XXIV:6) GPA
42–7
“control” (GPA XXIV:6(b)) GPA 47
extension to new EU Members GPA
43, 46
Israel’s offset regime GPA 44–5
procedure GPA 42
reporting obligations (GPA XXIV:7) GPA 48
reservations (GPA XXIV:4) WTO
297, 300
rules of origin (GPA IV), statistical reporting
(GPA XIX:5) and GPA 23
scope GPA 3
service contracts, expansion to cover (preamble)
GPA 1–2
exclusion of purchases of services from SCM GPA 2
special and differential treatment for developing
countries (GPA V) GPA 20
Tokyo Round Agreement on Government Procurement
and (GPA XXIV:3) GPA 39
transitional arrangements (GPA XXIV:3) GPA 39
updating appendices and circulation (GPA I:1) GPA
14–15
withdrawal of entity following elimination of
government control/privatization GPA 47
government procurement (AIR 4),
Air Committee discussion of AIR 21
Government Procurement Committee
see also Government Procurement Agreement
(GPA)
adoption of product classification system (GPA
XIX:5) GPA 24
adoption of services classification system (GPA
XIX:5) GPA 24
Circulation and Derestriction of Documents of
Government Procurement Committee, Decision GPA 27
observer status (GPA XXI:1) GPA 26
reports WTO 158
government procurement (GATS XIII)
“subsidy” (SCM 1) distinguished SCM
27, GATS
72
Working Party on GATS Rules and GATS
73, 214
government procurement, transparency
(Doha 26), Working Group on Transparency in Government
Procurement (Doha), establishment (Singapore Ministerial Conference) WTO
53, 66
government purchases of R&D
equipment, exclusion from SCM Agreement SCM 343
“green box” support: see
due restraint (AG 13) (“peace clause”)
Guatemala — Cement I (AB),
WT/DS60/AB/R/, DSR 1998:IX
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)
“appropriate procedure for the purpose of that
appeal only” (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 1387
timetable (ABWP 26), modification in exceptional
circumstances (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 1387
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17)
GATT XXII and XXIII compared AD
888, 944
“matter”, referral to DSB (AD 17.4)
identification of measure at issue requirement (DSU
6.2), identification as anti-dumping duty, acceptance of price
undertaking or provisional measure, need for AD
890, 891
“if final action has been taken” AD 889–90
“matter” AD 898, 951, DSU 370
request for establishment of panel, requirements
(AD 17.5), DSU 6.2 and AD 948, DSU 356
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU
1.2 and Appendix 2), whether AD 870–2,
888, SCM
197, DSU 13
DSU, applicability, covered agreements (DSU 1.1/DSU
7.2), AD Agreement DSU 2
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2),
recommendations of panel/DSB (DSU 19.2), effect AD 955
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU
19.1), identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), (DSU 6.2) and AD
955
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11),
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), elements (AD 2) and AD 364 n. 489
language, parties’ submissions DSU 1387
legal basis of claim / “claim” / “matter
referred” (DSU 6.2/7.1), identification of specific measure
distinguished AD 898, 951,
DSU 198, 370
lex specialis/presumption against treaty
conflicts, precedence/ hierarchy in case of conflict AD 870–2
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered
agreements, “matter” (AD 17) AD 898
relationships within and between agreements
AD 17/DSU 19.1 AD 955
AD 17/GATT XXII and XXIII AD
888, 944–5
AD 17.4/DSU 6.2 and 7 AD
898, 951, DSU 370
AD 17.5/DSU 6.2 AD 948,
DSU 356
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU
6.2)
AD 17.5 requirements and AD 948
distinct elements reviewed AD
898, DSU 198, 370
writing AD 898
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU
1.2 and Appendix 2)
arrangements considered for classification as, AD
17 AD 870–2,
888, DSU 13
“shall prevail” in case of a difference with
DSU SCM 197, DSU
9, 22 n. 25, 356
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
“matter” (DSU 7.1/AD 17.4) AD
898, DSU 370,
429
“matter referred to the DSB” (DSU 7.1), “claim”
DSU 304
third party participants (AB proceedings) (ABWP
24/ABWP 27), time–limits for filing of submissions (ABWP 26) DSU 1387
Guatemala — Cement I (Panel),
WT/DS60/R/, DSR 1998:IX
affirmative obligations
definition GPA 21
GPA tendering procedures (GPA VII) as GPA 21
consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17),
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2),
whether AD 954
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6), timely
disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for
presentation of case (AD 6.4), analysis of constituent elements AD 480
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU
19.1)
measure not identified in request for
establishment of panel, applicability to AD 954
panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 955
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)
notification to government of exporting Member (AD
5.5)
“before proceeding to initiate”, date of
initiation AD 385
failure to comply, harmless error and AD 393 n.
532
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.2)
determination of sufficiency (AD 5.3), “examine”
AD 371
evidence of dumping AD 342
evidence of injury, AD 2 and AD 343
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3), determination of
sufficiency standard of review (DSU 17.6) AD 367
legal status of panel reports, reports reversed by
AB DSU 824
relationships within and between agreements
AD 5.3/17.6(i) AD
367, 940
AD 5.3/AD 17.6 AD
367, 367–70,
940
AD 17/DSU 19.1 AD 954
AD 17.3/DSU 1.2 DSU 13
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU
1.2 and Appendix 2), arrangements considered for classification as, AD
17 AD 954, DSU 13
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), AD 5.3
(sufficiency of evidence), applicability to AD
367, 940
“facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)), evidence
before authority at time of determination, limitation to AD 916
investigating authorities’ establishment of the
facts (AD 17.6(i)), “proper” AD 369–70
Guatemala — Cement II (Panel),
WT/DS156/R, DSR 2000:XI
Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), principles (AD 1),
“initiated and conducted in accordance with the provisions of this
Agreement”, violation of other AD provisions as evidence of breach of
AD 1 AD 9, 986
anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI)
including interrelationship with AD Agreement, dumping, constituent
elements (AD 2/GATT VI:1), sufficiency of evidence for initiation of
investigation (AD 5) and AD 356,
364 n. 489, 424
burden of proof (general rules)
impossible burden, proving a negative DSU 567
notification of participation of non-governmental
experts in on-the-spot verification (AD, Annex 1(2)) AD 530
prima facie case requirement AD
217, 394
compliance with covered agreement obligations,
obligation, breach by other Members, relevance AD
386, 509
composition of panel (DSU 8)
determination by Director-General (DSU 8.7) DSU
437, 1494
challenge to DSU 437,
1494
panel’s role DSU 1494
preliminary ruling on DSU
437, 1494
confidential information (AD 6.5)
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a
confidential basis”, distinguishability AD 496
“good cause shown” AD
452, 496
“by nature confidential” / “provided on a
confidential basis” distinction, relevance AD 496
information “by nature” confidential,
applicability to AD 496
as responsibility of party submitting information AD 496
“shown” AD 505
justification for request, relevance AD 518
non-confidential summaries (AD 6.5.1), statement
of reasons why information “not susceptible of summary” AD
452, 509–10
data collection period (AD 2 and AD 3) AD 222
absence of provision AD 222
length of period for AD 3.2 purposes AD 222
determination of dumping (AD 2)
country by country analysis/cumulative assessment
of volume and prices (AD 3.3), “effect of the dumped imports on prices”,
objective assessment AD 226
evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)
all relevant economic factors and indices,
need to examine, eventual relevance of factor, relevance AD 251
consideration of each factor, need to be “apparent”
in final determination AD 262
examination of other known factors (AD 3.5), “known”
to investigating authority AD 278
SG 4.2 compared AD 251
investigating authorities’ right to request
information AD 36
“normal value … in the ordinary course of
trade” (AD 2.1)
calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4)
comparison of weighted average normal value with
weighted average of all comparable export transactions (AD 2.4.2)
“comparable” AD 356
objective assessment for purposes of initiation of
anti-dumping investigation (AD 5.3) and AD 369–70
period of investigation (POI), extension in course
of investigation (AD Annex II para. 1) AD 540
“positive evidence” / “objective examination”
requirement (AD 3.1)
exclusion of “like” product as breach AD
217,
225
imports from other suppliers, relevance AD
217,
225
threat of material injury (AD 3.7), AD 5.3 and AD
363–4
determination of injury (AD 3), significant
increase in dumped imports (AD 3.2), effect at regional level,
sufficiency AD 227
estoppel
acquiescence distinguished DSU 1703
AD 5.5 violations and AD
391, 456
definition AD
391
evidence (dumping investigation) (AD 6)
access to information provided by another
interested party AD 462
access to information provided by another
interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2)
access to file distinguished AD 449
confidential information AD 452
AD 6.5 and 459, AD 452
“promptly” AD 449–50
accuracy of information, authorities’ obligation
to satisfy themselves (AD 6.6), substantive relevance distinguished AD
521
communication of full text of application (AD
6.1.3), “as soon as an investigation has been initiated” AD 453
“facts available”, right to use (AD 6.8/Annex
II), failure to cooperate (AD Annex VII para. 7), participation of
non-governmental experts in on-the-spot verification as justification AD
529, 582
“notice of the information …” (AD 6.1)
“information” (AD 6.1) and “legal
determinations” (AD 6.9) distinguished AD
434, 618
time–limits, relevance (AD 6.1.1.), AD 12
distinguished AD 429
notification to all interested parties of
essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9) AD 460
change of legal basis, relevance AD
617, 618
“essential facts” AD 615–16
essential facts forming basis of preliminary
determination, sufficiency for subsequent proceedings AD 617
“information” (AD 6.1) and “legal
determinations” (AD 6.9) distinguished AD
434, 618
timely disclosure of relevant information (AD 6.4)
distinguished AD 616
on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7)
“further information … to be provided”
(Annex I, para. 7)
information verifiable on the spot AD 526
right to verify AD
526, 985
participation of non-governmental experts (Annex
I, para. 2)
conflict of interest and AD
529, 984
non-cooperation (AD 6.8), as justification for AD
529, 582
notification of participation, burden of proof AD
530
notification of reasons for AD 531
opportunity for defence of interests (AD 6.2)
change of legal basis, obligation to inform
interested parties (AD 12.2) AD 433–4,
462, 618
as due process provision AD 461
interrelationship between AD 6.2, first and second
sentences AD 461
relationship with other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–69
resort to “facts available” (AD 6.8/Annex II)
in case of verifiable information AD 556
ex post justification, relevance AD 601
extension of period of investigation and (Annex II
para. 1) AD 540
time–limits, right to set (AD 6.1.1) AD 428
“ample opportunity” (chapeau) and AD 428–9
extension “upon cause shown … whenever
practicable”, failure to provide information on AD 431
timely disclosure to interested parties of
information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4) AD 480–3
accidental omission of part of information AD 482–3
“harmless error” distinguished AD 483
analysis of constituent elements AD 449
payment of fee, relevance AD 481
harmless error principle AD
390, 390–3,
456, 483,
827, DSU 1709
implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU
19.1)
panel’s decision not to make suggestions DSU 970
panel’s discretionary suggestions DSU 958
interpretation of covered agreements, rules
relating to including VCLT provisions
“any subsequent practice … which establishes
the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT
31(3)(b)), ADP recommendations as evidence of AD 222 n. 309
consistency with article/agreement as a whole AD
530 n. 719
dictionaries AD 530 n. 719
same or closely related phrases in different
agreements, AD 3.4/ SG 4.2 AD 251
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AD 431
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)
“initiated” (AD footnote 1) AD 384
notification to government of exporting Member (AD
5.5)
“before proceeding to initiate”, date of
initiation AD 384
“before proceeding to legislate”, national
legislative provisions, relevance AD 385
breach by other party, relevance AD 386
failure to comply
harmless error and AD 390–3,
456, 827
timely objection, relevance AD 391
rejection of application (AD 5.8), applicability
prior to initiation of investigation AD 397–8
simultaneous consideration of evidence of dumping
and injury (AD 5.7), initiation of investigation in absence of
sufficient evidence (AD 5.3) and AD
376, 394
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.2)
determination of sufficiency (AD 5.3), “injury”,
threat of, AD 3.7 requirements, relevance AD 356
evidence of dumping AD 356
sufficiency of evidence (AD 5.3)
determination of sufficiency
AD 5.2 distinguished AD 350–1
determination of sufficiency as satisfaction of AD
5.2
requirements AD 348
“examine” AD 374
“injury”, threat of, AD 3.7 requirements,
relevance AD 363–4
determination of sufficiency standard of review (DSU
17.6) AD 369–70
elements (AD 2) and AD
356, 364 n. 489
evidence of dumping, AD 2 and AD 356
interrelationship with AD 5.2 AD 356
“simple assertion, unsubstantiated by relevant
evidence” (AD 5.2) AD 340, 374
judicial economy
limitation of consideration to claims essential to
resolution of dispute (DSU 3.2) AD
307, 348, 647
prior decision on another point rendering
discussion otiose AD 620
legal status of panel reports, reports reversed by
AB DSU 824
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)
adverse impact/prejudice, relevance AD 392–3,
456, DSU 93
harmless error and AD
390, 827
presumption in case of inconsistency with covered
agreement AD 390, DSU 93
order of analysis
AD-consistent measure/compliance with public
notice (AD 12.2) requirements AD 838
specific/general provision AD 432
preliminary rulings on
composition of panel (DSU 8.7) DSU
437, 1494
panel composition DSU 1494
provisional measures (AD 7), judicial economy in
case of overlap with previous determination relating to definitive
measure AD 647
public notice of initiation of investigation (AD
12.1)
non-compliance as “harmless error” AD 827
separate report (AD 12.1.1), need for reference to
AD 826
time–limits for making views known (AD
12.1.1(vi)) AD 429
timing
initiation of investigation and AD 822–3
satisfaction as to sufficiency of evidence (AD
5.3), relevance AD 823
public notice of preliminary or final
determination (AD 12.2)
change of legal basis, obligation to inform
interested parties (AD 12.2) AD 433–4,
462, 618
compliance with other obligations, dependence on
AD 838, 840
relationships within and between agreements
AD 1, 9 and 18/GATT VI/AD 3, 5, 7, 12 and Annex I,
para. 2 AD 307, 411,
986
AD 1/AD 6.13 AD 640
AD 1/AD 7 AD 650
AD 1/AD 12 AD 423
AD 2/AD 5 AD
343, 356
AD 3/AD 18 AD 322
AD 3.7/AD 5.2 AD 363–4
AD 5/AD 9 AD 418
AD 5/AD 18 AD 423
AD 5/GATT VI AD 424
AD 5.2/AD 5.3 AD
343, 349
AD 5.3/AD 12.1 AD 823
AD 5.3/AD 17.6 AD 367–70,
369–70
AD 6.1, AD 6.2 and AD 6.9/AD 12.2 AD
433, 462, 618
AD 6.1, AD 6.2/AD 6.9 AD
434, 460
AD 6.1/AD 12.2.1 AD 429
AD 6.2/AD generally AD 467
AD 6.2/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 457–69
AD 6.4/AD 6.9 AD
616, 621
AD 6.4/other AD 6 paragraphs AD 492–3
AD 6.8/other AD 6 paragraphs AD
457, 459–60,
603
AD 6.8/other paragraphs of AD 6 AD 603
AD 6.9/other paragraphs of AD 6 AD 620–1
AD 7/GATT VI AD 420
AD 9/other AD articles AD 717
AD 18.1/other Ad Articles AD 977
Rules of Conduct (RoC)
independence and impartiality (RoC I and III:2),
panellists DSU 1482
material violations (RoC VIII) DSU
437, 1494
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i))
AD 5.3 (sufficiency of evidence), applicability to
AD 369–70
de novo review, exclusion AD 914
“facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)),
limitation to AD 914
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Customs
Union, notification as RTA GATT 78
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